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Does Sex Matter in Musculoskeletal Health? The Influence of Sex and Gender on Musculoskeletal Health

Does Sex Matter in Musculoskeletal Health? The Influence of Sex and Gender on Musculoskeletal Health <h2>Introduction</h2> Disease prevalence rates differ for men and women; this comes as news neither to physicians nor to laypersons. Likewise, women's life expectancies differ from those of men. Among some populations, this difference is dramatic. For example, the National Center for Health Statistics reports that, in 2001, the life expectancy of a black American woman was 75.5 years and that of a black American man was just 68.6 years 1 . Worldwide, women live, on the average, between four and ten years longer than men do. Historically, studies that have examined differences in men's and women's health have assumed that women were "little men," 2 and were limited to topics associated with the reproductive system, e.g., breast cancer and menopause, and that sex differences outside the reproductive system could be explained by variations in height, weight, body fat percentage, etc. Until the past decade, it was not possible to explore the basis of the differences in disease prevalence and morbidity and mortality between men and women at the genetic and cellular levels. Today, however, emerging information from such studies provides a compelling case for the existence of innate, and heretofore unexamined, differences between men and women. Medical researchers http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery Wolters Kluwer Health

Does Sex Matter in Musculoskeletal Health? The Influence of Sex and Gender on Musculoskeletal Health

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References (153)

Publisher
Wolters Kluwer Health
Copyright
Copyright © 2005 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.
ISSN
0021-9355
DOI
10.2106/JBJS.E.00218
pmid
15995134
Publisher site
See Article on Publisher Site

Abstract

<h2>Introduction</h2> Disease prevalence rates differ for men and women; this comes as news neither to physicians nor to laypersons. Likewise, women's life expectancies differ from those of men. Among some populations, this difference is dramatic. For example, the National Center for Health Statistics reports that, in 2001, the life expectancy of a black American woman was 75.5 years and that of a black American man was just 68.6 years 1 . Worldwide, women live, on the average, between four and ten years longer than men do. Historically, studies that have examined differences in men's and women's health have assumed that women were "little men," 2 and were limited to topics associated with the reproductive system, e.g., breast cancer and menopause, and that sex differences outside the reproductive system could be explained by variations in height, weight, body fat percentage, etc. Until the past decade, it was not possible to explore the basis of the differences in disease prevalence and morbidity and mortality between men and women at the genetic and cellular levels. Today, however, emerging information from such studies provides a compelling case for the existence of innate, and heretofore unexamined, differences between men and women. Medical researchers

Journal

Journal of Bone and Joint SurgeryWolters Kluwer Health

Published: Jul 1, 2005

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