Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
Antiretroviral drugs for treating pregnant women and preventing HIV infection in infant : towards universal acess . Recommendations for a public health approach . ( 2006 revision )
R. Gulick, J. Mellors, D. Havlir, J. Eron, C. González, D. McMahon, D. Richman, F. Valentine, L. Jonas, A. Meibohm, E. Emini, J. Chodakewitz (1997)
Treatment with indinavir, zidovudine, and lamivudine in adults with human immunodeficiency virus infection and prior antiretroviral therapy.The New England journal of medicine, 337 11
Colette Smith, C. Sabin, M. Youle, S. Loes, F. Lampe, S. Madge, I. Cropley, M. Johnson, A. Phillips (2004)
Factors influencing increases in CD4 cell counts of HIV-positive persons receiving long-term highly active antiretroviral therapy.The Journal of infectious diseases, 190 10
Margarita Bofill, George Janossy, C. Lee, D. MacDonald-Burns, Andrew Phillips, Caroline Sabin, A. Timms, Margaret Johnson, P. Kernoff (1992)
Laboratory control values for CD4 and CD8 T lymphocytes. Implications for HIV‐1 diagnosisClinical & Experimental Immunology, 88
R. Colebunders, Kamya Moses, J. Laurence, H. Shihab, F. Semitala, F. Lutwama, S. Bakeera-Kitaka, L. Lynen, L. Spacek, S. Reynolds, T. Quinn, Brant Viner, H. Mayanja-Kizza (2006)
A new model to monitor the virological efficacy of antiretroviral treatment in resource-poor countries.The Lancet. Infectious diseases, 6 1
(2004)
Impact of 5 ye ars of L
J. Nkengasong, C. Adjé-Touré, P. Weidle (2004)
HIV antiretroviral drug resistance in Africa.AIDS reviews, 6 1
(2006)
Pre - dictive value of absolute CD 4 cell count for disease progression in untreated HIV - 1 - infected children
D. Notermans, N. Pakker, Dörte Hamann, Norbert Foudraine, Robert Kauffmann, Pieter Meenhorst, J. Goudsmit, M. Roos, P. Schellekens, Frank Miedema, S. Danner (1999)
Immune reconstitution after 2 years of successful potent antiretroviral therapy in previously untreated human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected adults.The Journal of infectious diseases, 180 4
U. Cassens, W. Göhde, Gudrun Kuling, A. Gröning, P. Schlenke, L. Lehman, Y. Traoré, J. Servais, Y. Hénin, D. Reichelt, B. Greve (2003)
Simplified Volumetric Flow Cytometry Allows Feasible and Accurate Determination of Cd4 T Lymphocytes in Immunodeficient Patients WorldwideAntiviral Therapy, 9
Susan Brogly, P. Williams, G. Seage, J. Oleske, R. Dyke, K. Mcintosh (2005)
Antiretroviral treatment in pediatric HIV infection in the United States: from clinical trials to clinical practice.JAMA, 293 18
S. Diagbouga, C. Chazallon, M. Kazatchkine, P. Perre, A. Inwoley, S. M'boup, M. David, Aoua Ténin, R. Soudré, J. Aboulker, L. Weiss (2003)
Successful implementation of a low-cost method for enumerating CD4+ T lymphocytes in resource-limited settings: the ANRS 12–26 studyAIDS, 17
Schlomo Staszewski, V. Miller, C. Sabin, Christine Schlecht, P. Gute, Silke Stamm, Thomas Leder, A. Berger, Eckhart Weidemann, A. Hill, A. Phillips (1999)
Determinants of sustainable CD4 lymphocyte count increases in response to antiretroviral therapy.AIDS, 13 8
MD Hammer (2006)
Treatment for Adult HIV Infection 2006 Recommendations of the International AIDS Society–USA Panel
Daniel Stein, Joyce Korvick, Sten Vermund (1992)
CD4+ lymphocyte cell enumeration for prediction of clinical course of human immunodeficiency virus disease: a review.The Journal of infectious diseases, 165 2
P. Yeni, S. Hammer, M. Hirsch, M. Saag, M. Schechter (2004)
Treatment for adult HIV infection.JAMA, 292
A. Moore, A. Mocroft, S. Madge, H. Devereux, Deborah Wilson, A. Phillips, M. Johnson (2001)
Gender Differences in Virologic Response to Treatment in an HIV‐Positive Population: A Cohort StudyJAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 26
Gayle Sherman, J. Galpin, J. Patel, B Mendelow, Debbie Glencross (1999)
CD4+ T cell enumeration in HIV infection with limited resources.Journal of immunological methods, 222 1-2
R. Littell, P. Henry, C. Ammerman (1998)
Statistical analysis of repeated measures data using SAS procedures.Journal of animal science, 76 4
E. Paintsil, M. Ghebremichael, S. Romano, W. Andiman (2008)
Absolute CD4+ T-Lymphocyte Count as a Surrogate Marker of Pediatric Human Immunodeficiency Virus Disease ProgressionThe Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, 27
Lynne Mofenson, Harris, John Moye, James Bethel, James Korelitz, Jennifer Read, Robert Nugent, William Meyer (2003)
Alternatives to HIV-1 RNA concentration and CD4 count to predict mortality in HIV-1-infected children in resource-poor settingsThe Lancet, 362
E. Florence, C. Dreezen, W. Schrooten, M. Esbroeck, L. Kestens, K. Fransen, A. Roo, R. Colebunders (2004)
The role of non-viral load surrogate markers in HIV-positive patient monitoring during antiviral treatmentInternational Journal of STD & AIDS, 15
P. Nishanian, J. Taylor, B. Manna, N. Aziz, S. Grosser, J. Giorgi, R. Detels, J. Fahey (1998)
Accelerated changes (inflection points) in levels of serum immune activation markers and CD4+ and CD8+ T cells prior to AIDS onset.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes and human retrovirology : official publication of the International Retrovirology Association, 18 2
J. Viard, M. Burgard, J. Hubert, L. Aaron, C. Rabian, N. Pertuiset, M. Lourenço, C. Rothschild, C. Rouzioux (2003)
Impact of 5 years of maximally successful highly active antiretroviral therapy on CD4 cell count and HIV-1 DNA levelAIDS, 18
Shashwatee Bagchi, M. Kempf, A. Westfall, A. Maherya, J. Willig, M. Saag (2007)
Can routine clinical markers be used longitudinally to monitor antiretroviral therapy success in resource-limited settings?Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 44 1
J. Mellors, A. Muñoz, J. Giorgi, J. Margolick, C. Tassoni, Phalguni Gupta, L. Kingsley, J. Todd, A. Saah, R. Detels, J. Phair, Charles Jr. (1997)
Plasma Viral Load and CD4+ Lymphocytes as Prognostic Markers of HIV-1 InfectionAnnals of Internal Medicine, 126
W. Comans-Bitter, R. Groot, Ren, van Beemd, H. Neijens, W. Hop, K. Groeneveld, H. Hooijkaas, J. Dongen (1997)
Immunophenotyping of blood lymphocytes in childhood. Reference values for lymphocyte subpopulations.The Journal of pediatrics, 130 3
W. O’Brien, P. Hartigan, E. Daar, M. Simberkoff, J. Hamilton (1997)
Changes in Plasma HIV RNA Levels and CD4+ Lymphocyte Counts Predict Both Response to Antiretroviral Therapy and Therapeutic FailureAnnals of Internal Medicine, 126
D. Kent, D. McGrath, J. Ioannidis, M. Bennish (2003)
Suitable monitoring approaches to antiretroviral therapy in resource-poor settings: setting the research agenda.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 37 Suppl 1
D. Dunn, D. Gibb, T. Duong, A. Babiker, IP Aboulker, M. Bulterys, M. Cortina-Borja, C. Gabiano, L. Galli, C. Giaquinto, Harris, Michael Hughes, R. McKinney, J. Moye, M. Newell, S. Pahwa, P. Palumbo, C. Rudin, M. Sharland, W. Shearer, B. Thompson, P. Tookey, Hiv Col (2005)
Use of total lymphocyte count for informing when to start antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected children: a meta-analysis of longitudinal dataThe Lancet, 366
D. Vlahov, N. Graham, D. Hoover (1998)
Prognostic indicators for AIDS and infectious disease death in HIV-infected injection drug users: plasma viral load and CD4+ cell count.JAMA, 279 1
W. Shearer, H. Rosenblatt, R. Gelman, R. Oyomopito, S. Plaeger, E. Stiehm, D. Wara, S. Douglas, K. Luzuriaga, E. McFarland, R. Yogev, Mobeen Rathore, W. Levy, B. Graham, S. Spector (2003)
Lymphocyte subsets in healthy children from birth through 18 years of age: the Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group P1009 study.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology, 112 5
D. Mbanya, F. Assah, N. Ndembi, L. Kaptue (2007)
Monitoring antiretroviral therapy in HIV/AIDS patients in resource-limited settings: CD4 counts or total lymphocyte counts?International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases, 11 2
A. Wade, A. Ades (1998)
Incorporating correlations between measurements into the estimation of age-related reference ranges.Statistics in medicine, 17 17
L. Spacek, Michael Griswold, T. Quinn, Richard Moore (2003)
Total lymphocyte count and hemoglobin combined in an algorithm to initiate the use of highly active antiretroviral therapy in resource‐limited settingsAIDS, 17
J. Viard, A. Mocroft, A. Chiesi, O. Kirk, B. Røge, G. Panos, N. Vetter, J. Bruun, M. Johnson, J. Lundgren (2001)
Influence of age on CD4 cell recovery in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy: evidence from the EuroSIDA study.The Journal of infectious diseases, 183 8
Eric Florence, Jens Lundgren, C. Dreezen, Martin Fisher, O. Kirk, Anders Blaxhult, G. Panos, Christine Katlama, Stefano Vella, A. Phillips (2003)
Factors associated with a reduced CD4 lymphocyte count response to HAART despite full viral suppression in the EuroSIDA studyHIV Medicine, 4
G. Pantaleo, C. Graziosi, A. Fauci (1993)
The immunopathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus infection.The New England journal of medicine, 328 5
Percentage CD4+ T-lymphocyte is used for immunologic monitoring human immune deficiency virus (HIV) infections in children. Given the relative ease of obtaining absolute CD4+ T-lymphocyte, we sought to investigate whether the predictors of the trends in absolute and percentage CD4+ T-lymphocytes in HIV-infected children in resource-limited setting were similar. A retrospective analysis of CD4+ T-lymphocytes data from June, 2004 to December, 2007 of the Pediatric HIV cohort at Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana. Mixed models were used to examine predictors of the trends in absolute and percentage CD4+ T-lymphocytes. Absolute and percentage CD4+ T-lymphocytes increased over time (p < 0.001). Baseline absolute and percentage values correlated with subsequent values (p < 0.001). Gender, age, treatment, World Health Organization clinical staging, and the source of patient referral to the clinic did not predict the changes in CD4+ T-lymphocytes. The predictors of the trends in absolute and percentage CD4+ T-lymphocytes were similar. Studies are needed to examine whether absolute CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts could be used to monitor pediatric HIV in resource-limited settings.
Journal of Pediatric Infectious Diseases – IOS Press
Published: Jan 1, 2011
Read and print from thousands of top scholarly journals.
Already have an account? Log in
Bookmark this article. You can see your Bookmarks on your DeepDyve Library.
To save an article, log in first, or sign up for a DeepDyve account if you don’t already have one.
Copy and paste the desired citation format or use the link below to download a file formatted for EndNote
Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
All DeepDyve websites use cookies to improve your online experience. They were placed on your computer when you launched this website. You can change your cookie settings through your browser.