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Shannon Isovitsch, J. Vanbriesen (2008)
Sensor Placement and Optimization Criteria Dependencies in a Water Distribution SystemJournal of Water Resources Planning and Management, 134
R. Janke, R. Murray, J. Uber, T. Taxon (2006)
Comparison of Physical Sampling and Real-Time Monitoring Strategies for Designing a Contamination Warning System in a Drinking Water Distribution SystemJournal of Water Resources Planning and Management, 132
(2005)
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N. Chang, Natthaphon Pongsanone, A. Ernest (2012)
Optimal sensor deployment in a large-scale complex drinking water network: Comparisons between a rule-based decision support system and optimization modelsComput. Chem. Eng., 43
M. Aral, J. Guan, M. Maslia (2010)
Optimal Design of Sensor Placement in Water Distribution NetworksJournal of Water Resources Planning and Management, 136
N. Chang, Natthaphon Pongsanone, A. Ernest (2011)
Comparisons between a rule-based expert system and optimization models for sensor deployment in a small drinking water networkExpert Syst. Appl., 38
S. McKenna, David Hart, L. Yarrington (2005)
Impact of sensor detection limits on protecting water distribution systems from contamination eventsJournal of Water Resources Planning and Management, 132
W. Hart, R. Murray (2010)
Review of Sensor Placement Strategies for Contamination Warning Systems in Drinking Water Distribution SystemsJournal of Water Resources Planning and Management, 136
Jianhua Xu, P. Fischbeck, M. Small, J. Vanbriesen, Elizabeth Casman (2008)
Identifying Sets of Key Nodes for Placing Sensors in Dynamic Water Distribution NetworksJournal of Water Resources Planning and Management, 134
S. Schal (2013)
WATER QUALITY SENSOR PLACEMENT GUIDANCE FOR SMALL WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS
R. Murray, R. Janke, W. Hart, Jonathan Berry, T. Taxon, J. Uber (2008)
Sensor network design of contammination warning systems: A decision frameworkJournal ‐ American Water Works Association, 100
N. Chang, Natthaphon Pongsanone, A. Ernest (2012)
A rule-based decision support system for sensor deployment in small drinking water networksJournal of Cleaner Production, 60
Water distribution systems are vulnerable to intentional, along with accidental, contamination. A network of water quality sensors can provide early detection of contamination, but these sensors must be placed in locations that maximise their ability to detect contaminates. Robust models and algorithms have been developed to aid in sensor placement, but many require calibrated hydraulic/water quality models. Many small utilities do not possess the financial resources or expertise to build calibrated models. Because of such limitations, a simple procedure is proposed to recommend optimal placement of a sensor without a model or complicated algorithm. The procedure uses simple information about the geometry of the system and does not require explicit information about flow dynamics. While the proposed method does not claim to be as reliable as currently available sensor placement software, it should accomplish the goal to provide an effective solution for small utilities with limited technical and financial resources. Keywords: water distribution systems; contamination warning systems; CWS; water quality monitoring; EPANET; pipe; storage tank. Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Schal, S., Bryson, L.S. and Ormsbee, L.E. (2016) `A simplified procedure for sensor placement guidance for small utilities', Int. J. Critical Infrastructures, Vol. 12,
International Journal of Critical Infrastructures – Inderscience Publishers
Published: Jan 1, 2016
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