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- Publisher
- Genetics Society of America
- Copyright
- Copyright © 2002 by the Genetics Society of America
- ISSN
- 0016-6731
- eISSN
- 1943-2631
- Publisher site
- See Article on Publisher Site
Abstract
Michaela M. Gutacker a , James C. Smoot a , Cristi A. Lux Migliaccio a , Stacy M. Ricklefs a , Su Hua a , Debby V. Cousins b , Edward A. Graviss c , Elena Shashkina d , Barry N. Kreiswirth d , and James M. Musser a a Laboratory of Human Bacterial Pathogenesis, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana 59840, b Department of Agriculture, Australian Reference Laboratory for Bovine Tuberculosis, South Perth 6151, Australia, c Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030 d Public Health Research Institute Tuberculosis Center, New York, New York 10016 Corresponding author: James M. Musser, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 903 S. 4th St., Hamilton, MT 59840., jmusser@niaid.nih.gov (E-mail) Communicating editor: Y.-X. F U Several human pathogens ( e.g. , Bacillus anthracis , Yersinia pestis , Bordetella pertussis , Plasmodium falciparum , and Mycobacterium tuberculosis ) have very restricted unselected allelic variation in structural genes, which hinders study of the genetic relationships among strains and strain-trait correlations. To address this problem in a representative pathogen, 432 M. tuberculosis complex strains from global sources were genotyped on the basis of 230 synonymous (silent) single nucleotide polymorphisms (sSNPs) identified by comparison of four genome sequences. Eight major clusters of related genotypes were identified in M . tuberculosis sensu stricto, including a single cluster representing organisms responsible for several large outbreaks in the United States and Asia. All M. tuberculosis sensu stricto isolates of previously unknown phylogenetic position could be rapidly and unambiguously assigned to one of the eight major clusters, thus providing a facile strategy for identifying organisms that are clonally related by descent. Common clones of M. tuberculosis sensu stricto and M. bovis are distinct, deeply branching genotypic complexes whose extant members did not emerge directly from one another in the recent past. sSNP genotyping rapidly delineates relationships among closely related strains of pathogenic microbes and allows construction of genetic frameworks for examining the distribution of biomedically relevant traits such as virulence, transmissibility, and host range.
Journal
Genetics – Genetics Society of America
Published: Dec 1, 2002
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