Get 20M+ Full-Text Papers For Less Than $1.50/day. Start a 14-Day Trial for You or Your Team.

Learn More →

Work–home conflict, antecedents and outcomes: a life-stage perspective among working parents

Work–home conflict, antecedents and outcomes: a life-stage perspective among working parents The purpose of this paper is to examine differences in work interferes with family (WIF) and family interferes with work (FIW) conflicts, their antecedents and their outcomes throughout the parenting life cycle. The following parenting stages were compared: parenthood to preschool-age children, parenthood to school-age children, parenthood to adolescents, parenthood to offspring at the launching stage and parenthood to offspring at the empty-nest stage.Design/methodology/approachThe sample included 549 working parents in Israel (270 fathers and 279 mothers). The criterion for inclusion was fulfilling the dual roles of parent and paid worker. The research questionnaires were distributed in workplaces in diverse organizations: high-tech companies, government ministries, factories and business organizations.FindingsLevels of WIF and FIW conflicts are highest during the early parenthood stages. Overload peaks during parenthood to adolescents and during the empty-nest stage. The later stages in the parenting life cycle (the launching and empty-nest stages) benefit parents: WIF and FIW conflicts are relatively low, mental well-being is relatively high and the number of roles that parents perform is higher than in earlier stages. Along the entire parenting life cycle, fathers experience higher levels of WIF conflict than mothers, but no gender differences were found in FIW conflict.Practical implicationsPublic policy should encourage employers to develop a family-friendly approach and consider the needs of both parents, based on the understanding that in addition to being breadwinners, fathers and mothers today both participate in housework and in raising children.Originality/valueFrom a theoretical perspective, the research conclusions may provide understandings for how to integrate the parental stage as a key variable in theorizing about the experience of stressors in the work–home interface. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Career Development International Emerald Publishing

Work–home conflict, antecedents and outcomes: a life-stage perspective among working parents

Kulik, Liat
Career Development International , Volume 24 (3): 18 – Jul 29, 2019
Download PDF
18 pages

Loading next page...
 
/lp/emerald-publishing/work-home-conflict-antecedents-and-outcomes-a-life-stage-perspective-5NnI4YZYuN
Publisher
Emerald Publishing
Copyright
© Emerald Publishing Limited
ISSN
1362-0436
DOI
10.1108/cdi-06-2018-0177
Publisher site
See Article on Publisher Site

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to examine differences in work interferes with family (WIF) and family interferes with work (FIW) conflicts, their antecedents and their outcomes throughout the parenting life cycle. The following parenting stages were compared: parenthood to preschool-age children, parenthood to school-age children, parenthood to adolescents, parenthood to offspring at the launching stage and parenthood to offspring at the empty-nest stage.Design/methodology/approachThe sample included 549 working parents in Israel (270 fathers and 279 mothers). The criterion for inclusion was fulfilling the dual roles of parent and paid worker. The research questionnaires were distributed in workplaces in diverse organizations: high-tech companies, government ministries, factories and business organizations.FindingsLevels of WIF and FIW conflicts are highest during the early parenthood stages. Overload peaks during parenthood to adolescents and during the empty-nest stage. The later stages in the parenting life cycle (the launching and empty-nest stages) benefit parents: WIF and FIW conflicts are relatively low, mental well-being is relatively high and the number of roles that parents perform is higher than in earlier stages. Along the entire parenting life cycle, fathers experience higher levels of WIF conflict than mothers, but no gender differences were found in FIW conflict.Practical implicationsPublic policy should encourage employers to develop a family-friendly approach and consider the needs of both parents, based on the understanding that in addition to being breadwinners, fathers and mothers today both participate in housework and in raising children.Originality/valueFrom a theoretical perspective, the research conclusions may provide understandings for how to integrate the parental stage as a key variable in theorizing about the experience of stressors in the work–home interface.

Journal

Career Development International – Emerald Publishing

Published: Jul 29, 2019

Keywords: Overload; FIW conflict; Multiple roles; Parenting life cycle; WIF conflict

References

  • Work–family conflict among members of full-time dual-earner couples: an examination of family life stage, gender, and age
    Allen, T.D.; Finkelstein, L.M.
  • Reduction of work-family conflict through the use of selection, optimization, and compensation behaviors
    Baltes, B.B.; Heydens-Gahir, H.A.
  • Family process and peer deviance influences on adolescent aggression: longitudinal effects across early and middle adolescence
    Benson, M.J.; Buehler, C.
  • Recent developments in role theory
    Biddle, B.J.
  • Construction and initial validation of a multidimensional measure of work–family conflict
    Carlson, D.S.; Kacmar, K.M.; Williams, L.J.
  • Emotional experience in everyday life across the adult life span
    Carstensen, L.L.; Pasupathi, M.; Mayr, U.; Nesselroade, J.R.
  • Age-related differences and change in positive and negative affect over 23 years
    Charles, S.T.; Reynolds, C.A.; Gatz, M.
  • Workplace support, role overload, and job satisfaction of direct care workers in assisted living
    Chou, R.J.A.; Robert, S.A.
  • Does father care mean fathers share? A comparison of how mothers and fathers in intact families spend time with children
    Craig, L.
  • Work-family conflict: an exploration of the differential effects of a dependent child’s age on working parents
    Darcy, C.; McCarthy, A.
  • Work–family interface from a life and career stage perspective: the role of demands and resources
    Demerouti, E.; Peeters, M.C.; Van der Heijden, B.I.
  • Interrole conflicts and the permeability of work and family domains: are there gender differences?
    Eagle, B.W.; Miles, E.W.; Icenogle, M.L.
  • Change in social selection to upper secondary school–primary and secondary effects in Sweden
    Erikson, R.; Rudolphi, F.
  • Positive affectivity under work overload: Evidence of differential outcomes
    Gallagher, V.C.; Meurs, J.A.
  • Sources of conflict between work and family roles
    Greenhaus, J.H.; Beutell, N.J.
  • Between elderly parents and adult children: a new look at the intergenerational care provided by the ‘sandwich generation’
    Grundy, E.; Henretta, J.C.
  • Childhood predictors of adolescent marijuana use: early sensation-seeking, deviant peer affiliation, and social images
    Hampson, S.E.; Andrews, J.A.; Barckley, M.
  • Hegemonic masculinity and beyond: 40 years of research in Sweden
    Hearn, J.; Nordberg, M.; Andersson, K.; Balkmar, D.; Gottzén, L.; Klinth, R.; Sandberg, L.
  • School disengagement as a predictor of dropout, delinquency, and problem substance use during adolescence and early adulthood
    Henry, K.L.; Knight, K.E.; Thornberry, T.P.
  • Family-military relations in Israel as a genderizing social mechanism
    Herzog, H.
  • Exploring the relationship of workplace flexibility, gender, and life stage to family-to-work conflict, and stress and burnout
    Hill, J.E.; Jacob, J.I.; Shannon, L.L.; Brennan, R.T.; Blanchard, V.L.; Martinengo, G.
  • Coworker and supervisor support as moderators of associations between task characteristics and mental strain
    Karasek, R.A.; Triantis, K.P.; Chaudhry, S.S.
  • Retirement transitions, gender, and psychological well-being: a life-course, ecological model
    Kim, J.E.; Moen, P.
  • Work–family conflict, resources, and role set density: assessing their effects on distress among working mothers
    Kulik, L.; Liberman, G.
  • Multiple roles, role satisfaction, and sense of meaning in life: an extended examination of role enrichment theory
    Kulik, L.; Shilo-Levin, S.; Liberman, G.
  • Work-supportive family, family-supportive supervision, use of organizational benefits, and problem-focused coping: implications for work-family conflict and employee well-being
    Lapierre, L.M.; Allen, T.D.
  • Interpersonal conflict during adolescence
    Laursen, B.; Collins, W.A.
  • Gender and the work-family interface: exploring differences across the family life course
    Martinengo, G.; Jacob, J.I.; Hill, E.J.
  • Antecedents of work–family conflict: a meta-analytic review
    Michel, J.S.; Kotrba, L.M.; Mitchelson, J.K.; Clark, M.A.; Baltes, B.B.
  • Applying the relational turbulence model to the empty-nest transition: sources of relationship change, relational uncertainty, and interference from partners
    Nagy, M.E.; Theiss, J.A.
  • Fathers’ and mothers’ involvement with their adolescents
    Phares, V.; Fields, S.; Kamboukos, D.
  • Children and adolescents look at their parents’ jobs
    Piotrkowski, C.S.; Stark, E.
  • Self-concept as the organization of roles: importance, centrality, and balance
    Reitzes, D.C.; Mutran, E.J.
  • Struggling for balance amid turbulence on international assignments: work–family conflict, support and commitment
    Shaffer, M.A.; Harrison, D.A.; Gilley, K.M.; Luk, D.M.
  • Strategies for coping with work-family conflict: the distinctive relationships of gender role ideology
    Somech, A.; Drach-Zahavy, A.
  • Positive and negative affective dysfunction in psychopathology
    Stanton, K.; Watson, D.
  • Haknisa la gan haimaii (the entrance to the maternal garden)
    Tsoref, H.
  • Sex differences in the mental health effects of spouse support and equity
    Vanfossen, B.E.
  • Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: the PANAS scales
    Watson, D.; Clark, L.A.; Tellegen, A.