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Where Are They Now A FollowUp Study of the Unemployed

Where Are They Now A FollowUp Study of the Unemployed Unemployment Where Are They Now?: A Follow-Up Study of the Unemployed W. W. Daniel Of people who were registered as un­ out of work which encourages unemploy­ Contd. from p. 7 employed in the autumn of 1973, and were ment to fall on the heads of household of still of working age three years later in the large families and discourages either parent their 43 managers and that the sample autumn of 1976, only 38% had jobs. Thirty- from working must have undesirable social related to three specific companies in a four per cent were still out of work or out of consequences. When comparing the atten­ particular locality. While it would be a work again. Twenty-eight per cent did not tion which young people have recently mistake to draw any sweeping conclusions, have jobs but were no longer looking for received in public policy towards the unem­ the results do provide some useful pointers work because of their age, or state of health ployed compared with middle-aged men with for anyone concerned to establish clear or because they had become housewives. families, the report concludes: 'Having been delegation of varying degrees of authority at Over a third, 36%, had not worked at any brought up in poverty, in a home where no- foreman level. stage in the intervening years. Furthermore, one works is likely to have more damaging In the first place, it seems to be fairly well 14% of those registered as unemployed in effects on young people than a short period established that the questionnaire approach October 1973 had become officially retired of personal unemployment in young used does show up some real failures in the and few of them had worked at all in the adulthood.' transmission of role expectations. If such following three years. failures are thought to be significant, they Indeed, the study finds that there are no These are some of the findings of a new can very likely be detected by asking grounds for giving priority to helping the study by PEP. It examines the experiences young adult unemployed over and above questions of the kind that were used here, during the subsequent three years of people other sections of people out of work. The modified if necessary to make them more first interviewed in 1973 for the PEP group that suffers most from unemployment relevant to the particular work situation, National Survey of the Unemployed. The is heads of households in the middle age together with the categories of authority which were used on this occasion. The strongest influences on the amount of time ranges with dependents. By contrast, the people had spent in work during the three wording used to describe these categories young tended to be much less concerned years were their age, their state of health and has been tested and seems to result in about being without employment. They were their level of skill. The older, the less fit and inclined to spend short periods in jobs and to genuine differentiation. the less skilled they were, the less time they give them up voluntarily because there was Secondly, it seems that, at a certain level had spent in employment. Such charac­ some aspect they did not like. And they of generality at least, there is nothing to be teristics had much more effect than the level found new jobs more readily than any other gained by trying to make the questions more of unemployment in their localities or age group. During the worsening job market specific. It is clear, however, that this tool changes in that level. The study therefore following 1973 a quarter of the young adults can only be regarded as a rough and ready concludes that experiences owed more to the had three or more different jobs in the next means of identifying some instances which personal characteristics of the unemployed three years. Eleven percent had five or more may be worth further investigation. As a in 1973 than to subsequent changes in the jobs. These had often been punctuated by management tool, it could perhaps provide a level of demand in the economy. It recom­ short periods of unemployment. Despite basis for face-to-face discussions aimed at mends that public policy in relation to the such frequent 'job hopping' the young had eliminating any misunderstanding. unemployed should pay more regard to the fared very much better than any other age J. Scholefield is a Senior Lecturer in extent to which the register of the unem­ group by the end of the three-year period. General Management at the City University ployed includes people who are withdrawing They were far more likely to have jobs. They Business School. J. R. C. Smith is a Lecturer from the labour market or who have had enjoyed the highest increase in earnings in Sociology at Luton College of Higher qualities that make it difficult for them to and were most likely to have been upgraded. Education. Full details of their question­ justify employment at the going rate. Two The report concludes that young adult naire and results can be obtained by writing particular reforms suggested are early retire­ unemployment is often part of a stage in for Working Paper No. 1 to the City ment for the older unemployed and subsidies development, associated with a period of life University Business School, Gresham Col­ to employers to take on the longer-term where people do not have family respon­ lege, Basinghall Street, London. EC2V 5AH. unskilled unemployed. sibilities. However, the conclusions con­ cerning the young adult unemployed do not The study also finds that the household necessarily apply to school leavers, who circumstances of married men in the middle were not included in the study. age ranges were remarkably strongly related to their working patterns. The more children This study was supported by a grant from they had, the less time they had spent in the Manpower Services Commission. It is work. And those with working wives had available as PEP Broadsheet 572, price spent twice as much time in employment as £4•00 (post and packing 25p) from Political those whose wives had no paid job. The and Economic Planning, 12 Upper Belgrave analysis suggests that for low paid, low Street, London SW1X 8BB. skilled men the dependency allowances in the system of determining benefit for the un­ employed does influence working behaviour. Consequently, the benefit system affects which social categories of such men are unemployed, though not the level of un­ employment. And the report concludes that a system of income maintenance for those http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Management Research News Emerald Publishing

Where Are They Now A FollowUp Study of the Unemployed

Daniel, W.W.
Management Research News , Volume 1 (2): 1 – Feb 1, 1978
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Publisher
Emerald Publishing
Copyright
Copyright © Emerald Group Publishing Limited
ISSN
0140-9174
DOI
10.1108/eb027689
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Abstract

Unemployment Where Are They Now?: A Follow-Up Study of the Unemployed W. W. Daniel Of people who were registered as un­ out of work which encourages unemploy­ Contd. from p. 7 employed in the autumn of 1973, and were ment to fall on the heads of household of still of working age three years later in the large families and discourages either parent their 43 managers and that the sample autumn of 1976, only 38% had jobs. Thirty- from working must have undesirable social related to three specific companies in a four per cent were still out of work or out of consequences. When comparing the atten­ particular locality. While it would be a work again. Twenty-eight per cent did not tion which young people have recently mistake to draw any sweeping conclusions, have jobs but were no longer looking for received in public policy towards the unem­ the results do provide some useful pointers work because of their age, or state of health ployed compared with middle-aged men with for anyone concerned to establish clear or because they had become housewives. families, the report concludes: 'Having been delegation of varying degrees of authority at Over a third, 36%, had not worked at any brought up in poverty, in a home where no- foreman level. stage in the intervening years. Furthermore, one works is likely to have more damaging In the first place, it seems to be fairly well 14% of those registered as unemployed in effects on young people than a short period established that the questionnaire approach October 1973 had become officially retired of personal unemployment in young used does show up some real failures in the and few of them had worked at all in the adulthood.' transmission of role expectations. If such following three years. failures are thought to be significant, they Indeed, the study finds that there are no These are some of the findings of a new can very likely be detected by asking grounds for giving priority to helping the study by PEP. It examines the experiences young adult unemployed over and above questions of the kind that were used here, during the subsequent three years of people other sections of people out of work. The modified if necessary to make them more first interviewed in 1973 for the PEP group that suffers most from unemployment relevant to the particular work situation, National Survey of the Unemployed. The is heads of households in the middle age together with the categories of authority which were used on this occasion. The strongest influences on the amount of time ranges with dependents. By contrast, the people had spent in work during the three wording used to describe these categories young tended to be much less concerned years were their age, their state of health and has been tested and seems to result in about being without employment. They were their level of skill. The older, the less fit and inclined to spend short periods in jobs and to genuine differentiation. the less skilled they were, the less time they give them up voluntarily because there was Secondly, it seems that, at a certain level had spent in employment. Such charac­ some aspect they did not like. And they of generality at least, there is nothing to be teristics had much more effect than the level found new jobs more readily than any other gained by trying to make the questions more of unemployment in their localities or age group. During the worsening job market specific. It is clear, however, that this tool changes in that level. The study therefore following 1973 a quarter of the young adults can only be regarded as a rough and ready concludes that experiences owed more to the had three or more different jobs in the next means of identifying some instances which personal characteristics of the unemployed three years. Eleven percent had five or more may be worth further investigation. As a in 1973 than to subsequent changes in the jobs. These had often been punctuated by management tool, it could perhaps provide a level of demand in the economy. It recom­ short periods of unemployment. Despite basis for face-to-face discussions aimed at mends that public policy in relation to the such frequent 'job hopping' the young had eliminating any misunderstanding. unemployed should pay more regard to the fared very much better than any other age J. Scholefield is a Senior Lecturer in extent to which the register of the unem­ group by the end of the three-year period. General Management at the City University ployed includes people who are withdrawing They were far more likely to have jobs. They Business School. J. R. C. Smith is a Lecturer from the labour market or who have had enjoyed the highest increase in earnings in Sociology at Luton College of Higher qualities that make it difficult for them to and were most likely to have been upgraded. Education. Full details of their question­ justify employment at the going rate. Two The report concludes that young adult naire and results can be obtained by writing particular reforms suggested are early retire­ unemployment is often part of a stage in for Working Paper No. 1 to the City ment for the older unemployed and subsidies development, associated with a period of life University Business School, Gresham Col­ to employers to take on the longer-term where people do not have family respon­ lege, Basinghall Street, London. EC2V 5AH. unskilled unemployed. sibilities. However, the conclusions con­ cerning the young adult unemployed do not The study also finds that the household necessarily apply to school leavers, who circumstances of married men in the middle were not included in the study. age ranges were remarkably strongly related to their working patterns. The more children This study was supported by a grant from they had, the less time they had spent in the Manpower Services Commission. It is work. And those with working wives had available as PEP Broadsheet 572, price spent twice as much time in employment as £4•00 (post and packing 25p) from Political those whose wives had no paid job. The and Economic Planning, 12 Upper Belgrave analysis suggests that for low paid, low Street, London SW1X 8BB. skilled men the dependency allowances in the system of determining benefit for the un­ employed does influence working behaviour. Consequently, the benefit system affects which social categories of such men are unemployed, though not the level of un­ employment. And the report concludes that a system of income maintenance for those

Journal

Management Research News – Emerald Publishing

Published: Feb 1, 1978

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