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UNDERGROUND STORAGE

UNDERGROUND STORAGE reduced losses from evaporation, and less maintenance. Basic Principles The underground storage system UNDERGROUND takes advantage of the fact that oil is lighter than water and does not mix wit h it and oil stored well below the groundwater table is retained STORAGE there because the groundwater in the surrounding rock exerts a pres­ sure at all points greater than the hydrostatic pressure of the oil stored. A number of underground oil installations The inward pressure gradient have been installed, especially in Sweden, causes a continuous minor flow of and there may be occasions in the future groundwater into the cavern. As a whe n it becomes economical, or essential, result of the difference in densities t o store lubricating oils in thi s way . this water collects under the oil in the bottom of the cavern fro m where it is pumped out. In general the water-bed is maintained at a fixed depth of about 0·2m. finding adequate facilities for storing WHILS T there does not seem to be The installation includes pumps both crude oi l and its derivatives, the any immediate need to store lub­ and piping for product handling system is of increasing interest. ricating oils underground, mainly and removal of groundwater seeping because such oils are not normally Underground storage of oil offers into the cavern. To maintain heavy- stored anywhere in such large advantages compared with con­ fuel oil at low viscosity and some volumes t o make this necessary, our ventional surface tanks. For one grades of crude oil, heating is worl d is changing at such a rate thing , as the oil is surrounded and required and this is effected by that even human beings may retained by hydrostatic groundwater circulating oil and bedwater through eventually have to live underground pressure, the risk of leaks and sub­ heat exchangers. The low thermal or under the sea, and if that time sequen t contamination is conductivity of the rock ensures a comes, it will perhaps be normal eliminated. In Sweden underground lo w level of heat loss. After the first practice to store all liquids in this storage has been built under existing year of operation, when the sur­ way. installations such as industrial plant, rounding rock has been heated, the roads, housing and even under Therefore w e are interested in the heating requirement is decreased. existing surface tanks. developments to store fuel oil The whole installation is usually underground and we find that the remote controlled. first purpose-built underground oil Quicker Unloading The possibility of being able to storage in the world was effected in In operation, th e method also has use rock formations is decided by 1965/ 7 and during the last decade the advantage that at tanker ter­ scismic investigations com­ a large number of installations have minals, where the level of a con­ plemented with a number of bore­ been engineered for Swedish indus­ ventional tank farm is higher than holes. trial concerns, refineries and that of the tanker, which it usually Government authorities. is, the underground storage will speed unloading, thus providing a quicker turnround of tankers. Other Rock Caverns in Scotland advantages include reduced in­ Svenska Vag AB , a member of the CEC and Air surance premiums against fire, pre­ Axel Johnson Group, have opened Conservatio n servatio n of landscape, and an office in Glasgow primarily to economies in cost. serve the needs of the North Sea AT a Council meeting of the Co­ oil industry in the UK. This com­ Svenska state that due to the ordinating European Council for the pany, with an annual turnover of development in new rock blasting development of Performance Tests some £600 million and about 4,000 techniques, the cost of excavation for Lubricants and Engine Fuels at employees, are among the world's has remained unchanged for many The Hague on 7 June, it was leading specialists in the storage of years in spite of inflation. Given decided to continue the examination oil in unlined rock caverns—a good rock conditions construction of technical developments in the technique which they pioneered. costs of an underground installation, field of air conservation in order to It has now become standard prac­ including equipment, are lower advise central governmental bodies tice in Sweden to store vast than for surface tanks when the wh o are responsible for the pre­ quantities of oil in this way. Many volume required exceeds 30,000 paration of legislation on this sub­ parts of the UK have rock formations cu m. But the most significant ject. This advice will be provided in equally suitable for this purpose, saving is in operating costs, ie, the form of regular reports on the and wit h the growin g importance of insurance, reduced heating costs. individual aspects of the problem. 136 INDUSTRIAL LUBRICATION AN D TRIBOLOGY, july/August. 1974 http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Industrial Lubrication and Tribology Emerald Publishing

UNDERGROUND STORAGE

Industrial Lubrication and Tribology , Volume 26 (4): 1 – Apr 1, 1974
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Publisher
Emerald Publishing
Copyright
Copyright © Emerald Group Publishing Limited
ISSN
0036-8792
DOI
10.1108/eb053066
Publisher site
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Abstract

reduced losses from evaporation, and less maintenance. Basic Principles The underground storage system UNDERGROUND takes advantage of the fact that oil is lighter than water and does not mix wit h it and oil stored well below the groundwater table is retained STORAGE there because the groundwater in the surrounding rock exerts a pres­ sure at all points greater than the hydrostatic pressure of the oil stored. A number of underground oil installations The inward pressure gradient have been installed, especially in Sweden, causes a continuous minor flow of and there may be occasions in the future groundwater into the cavern. As a whe n it becomes economical, or essential, result of the difference in densities t o store lubricating oils in thi s way . this water collects under the oil in the bottom of the cavern fro m where it is pumped out. In general the water-bed is maintained at a fixed depth of about 0·2m. finding adequate facilities for storing WHILS T there does not seem to be The installation includes pumps both crude oi l and its derivatives, the any immediate need to store lub­ and piping for product handling system is of increasing interest. ricating oils underground, mainly and removal of groundwater seeping because such oils are not normally Underground storage of oil offers into the cavern. To maintain heavy- stored anywhere in such large advantages compared with con­ fuel oil at low viscosity and some volumes t o make this necessary, our ventional surface tanks. For one grades of crude oil, heating is worl d is changing at such a rate thing , as the oil is surrounded and required and this is effected by that even human beings may retained by hydrostatic groundwater circulating oil and bedwater through eventually have to live underground pressure, the risk of leaks and sub­ heat exchangers. The low thermal or under the sea, and if that time sequen t contamination is conductivity of the rock ensures a comes, it will perhaps be normal eliminated. In Sweden underground lo w level of heat loss. After the first practice to store all liquids in this storage has been built under existing year of operation, when the sur­ way. installations such as industrial plant, rounding rock has been heated, the roads, housing and even under Therefore w e are interested in the heating requirement is decreased. existing surface tanks. developments to store fuel oil The whole installation is usually underground and we find that the remote controlled. first purpose-built underground oil Quicker Unloading The possibility of being able to storage in the world was effected in In operation, th e method also has use rock formations is decided by 1965/ 7 and during the last decade the advantage that at tanker ter­ scismic investigations com­ a large number of installations have minals, where the level of a con­ plemented with a number of bore­ been engineered for Swedish indus­ ventional tank farm is higher than holes. trial concerns, refineries and that of the tanker, which it usually Government authorities. is, the underground storage will speed unloading, thus providing a quicker turnround of tankers. Other Rock Caverns in Scotland advantages include reduced in­ Svenska Vag AB , a member of the CEC and Air surance premiums against fire, pre­ Axel Johnson Group, have opened Conservatio n servatio n of landscape, and an office in Glasgow primarily to economies in cost. serve the needs of the North Sea AT a Council meeting of the Co­ oil industry in the UK. This com­ Svenska state that due to the ordinating European Council for the pany, with an annual turnover of development in new rock blasting development of Performance Tests some £600 million and about 4,000 techniques, the cost of excavation for Lubricants and Engine Fuels at employees, are among the world's has remained unchanged for many The Hague on 7 June, it was leading specialists in the storage of years in spite of inflation. Given decided to continue the examination oil in unlined rock caverns—a good rock conditions construction of technical developments in the technique which they pioneered. costs of an underground installation, field of air conservation in order to It has now become standard prac­ including equipment, are lower advise central governmental bodies tice in Sweden to store vast than for surface tanks when the wh o are responsible for the pre­ quantities of oil in this way. Many volume required exceeds 30,000 paration of legislation on this sub­ parts of the UK have rock formations cu m. But the most significant ject. This advice will be provided in equally suitable for this purpose, saving is in operating costs, ie, the form of regular reports on the and wit h the growin g importance of insurance, reduced heating costs. individual aspects of the problem. 136 INDUSTRIAL LUBRICATION AN D TRIBOLOGY, july/August. 1974

Journal

Industrial Lubrication and Tribology – Emerald Publishing

Published: Apr 1, 1974

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