Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
Kwok Leung, Hun-Joon Park (1986)
Effects of interactional goal on choice of allocation rule: A cross-national studyOrganizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 37
Janet Fulk, S. Mani (1986)
Distortion of Communication in Hierarchical RelationshipsAnnals of the International Communication Association, 9
C. Argyris, D.A. Schon
Organizational Learning II
M. Deutsch (1983)
Current social psychological perspectives on justiceEuropean Journal of Social Psychology, 13
A. de Toqueville
Democracy in America
T. Porter (2009)
The legacy of John RawlsContemporary Political Theory, 8
I. Ōhashi, T. Tachibanaki (1998)
Internal Labour Markets, Incentives and Employment
M. Konovsky, S. Pugh (1994)
Citizenship Behavior and Social ExchangeAcademy of Management Journal, 37
Samuel Bacharach, M. Aiken (1977)
Communication in Administrative Bureaucracies1Academy of Management Journal, 20
P. Cappelli, Peter Sherer (1990)
Assessing Worker Attitudes under a Two-Tier Wage PlanIndustrial & Labor Relations Review, 43
Paul Milgrom, John Roberts (1988)
An Economic Approach to Influence Activities in OrganizationsAmerican Journal of Sociology, 94
R. Folger, R. Cropanzano
Organizational Justice and Human Resource Management
J. Giacobbe-Miller, D. Miller, V. Victorov (1998)
A COMPARISON OF RUSSIAN AND U.S. PAY ALLOCATION DECISIONS, DISTRIBUTIVE JUSTICE JUDGMENTS, AND PRODUCTIVITY UNDER DIFFERENT PAYMENT CONDITIONSPersonnel Psychology, 51
J. Pfeffer, J. Veiga (1999)
Putting people first for organizational successAcademy of Management Perspectives, 13
P. Osterman
Internal labor markets: theory and change
F. Taylor
The Principles of Scientific Management
A. Rafaeli, M. Pratt (1993)
Tailored Meanings: On the Meaning and Impact of Organizational DressAcademy of Management Review, 18
Tom Dixon (1996)
Communication, organization, and performance
M. Lerner (1974)
The Justice Motive: "Equity" and "Parity" among Children.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 29
B.H. Sheppard, R. Lewicki, J. Minton
Organizational Justice
R. Sommer
Tight Spaces
David Sluss, Blake Ashforth (2007)
Relational Identity and Identification: Defining Ourselves Through Work RelationshipsAcademy of Management Review, 32
R. Kanter (1997)
Rosabeth Moss Kanter on the Frontiers of Management
J. Meindl (1989)
Managing to Be Fair: An Exploration of Values, Motives, and LeadershipAdministrative Science Quarterly, 34
R. Lakoff
Language and Woman's Place
J. Rawls
A Theory of Justice
Richard Osborn, Patrick Connor (1982)
Handbook of Organizational Design. Vol. 1: Adapting Organizations to Their Environments.Academy of Management Review, 7
T. Tyler (1994)
Psychological models of the justice motive: Antecedents of distributive and procedural justice.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67
J.L. Cotton
Employee Involvement
M. Glauser (1984)
Upward Information Flow in Organizations: Review and Conceptual AnalysisHuman Relations, 37
Oluremi Ayoko (2007)
Communication openness, conflict events and reactions to conflict in culturally diverse workgroupsCross Cultural Management: An International Journal, 14
N. Peterson, M. Zimmerman (2004)
Beyond the Individual: Toward a Nomological Network of Organizational EmpowermentAmerican Journal of Community Psychology, 34
D.A. Snow
Collective identity
R. Wiseman (2001)
Rewarding ExcellenceRewarding Excellence, by LawlerEdward E.III. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2000.Academy of Management Review, 26
R. Brown
Social Psychology, the Second Edition
Chao-chuan Chen (1995)
New Trends in Rewards Allocation Preferences: A Sino-U.S. ComparisonAcademy of Management Journal, 38
B. Hanes
Quantifying the complex adaptive workplace: a theoretical link between office design and productivity?
R. Bies (1986)
Interactional justice : communication criteria of fairness, 1
M. Polanyi
The Tacit Dimension
M. Pratt, A. Rafaeli (2001)
3. Symbols as a language of organizational relationshipsResearch in Organizational Behavior, 23
P. Brown, S. Levinson (1978)
Universals in language usage: Politeness phenomena
Karen Hegtvedt, Jody Clay-Warner, Elizabeth Ferrigno (2002)
Reactions to injustice: Factors affecting workers' resentment toward family-friendly policiesSocial Psychology Quarterly, 65
S. Barley, Gideon Kunda (1992)
Design and devotion: Surges of rational and normative ideologies of control in managerial discourse.Administrative Science Quarterly, 37
M. Brenner, N. Sigband (1972)
Organizational Communication--An Analysis Based on Empirical Data.
J. Brockner, B. Wiesenfeld (1996)
An integrative framework for explaining reactions to decisions: interactive effects of outcomes and procedures.Psychological bulletin, 120 2
R.L. Coser
Some social functions of laughter: a study of humor in a hospital setting
M. Bloom (1999)
The Performance Effects of Pay Dispersion on Individuals and OrganizationsAcademy of Management Journal, 42
M.F. Ket de Vries
Executive complexes
S. Gilliland (1993)
The Perceived Fairness of Selection Systems: An Organizational Justice PerspectiveAcademy of Management Review, 18
G. Hofstede
Culture's Consequences, International Differences in Work‐related Values
J. Pfeffer (1998)
The human equation
J.K. Giacobbe‐Miller, D. Miller, W. Shang
Equity, equality and need as determinants of pay allocations: a comparative study of Chinese and US managers
J. Rehfeld (1994)
Alchemy of a Leader: Combining Western and Japanese Management Skills to Transform Your Company
J. Price (1975)
Handbook of Organizational Measurement
A. Donnellon, M. Scully
The Post‐Bureaucratic Organization
T. Newcomb (1961)
The acquaintance process
P. Brown, S. Levinson
Politeness: Universals in Language Usage
Blake Ashforth, Fred Mael (1989)
Social identity theory and the organizationOrganizational Psychology, 2
David Morand (1996)
Dominance, Deference, and Egalitarianism in Organizational Interaction: A Sociolinguistic Analysis of Power and PolitenessOrganization Science, 7
K. Fisher
Leading Self‐directed Work Teams: A Guide to Developing New Team Leadership Skills
J. Rousseau, Patrick Coleman (1992)
Discourse on the Origin of Inequality
Mars
Company Brochure
A.R. Myerson
A double standard in health coverage: executives are cradled while medical benefits are cut for rank and file
J. Kouzes, B. Posner (2002)
The leadership challenge, 3rd ed.
Fredric Jablin (1979)
Superior–subordinate communication: The state of the art.Psychological Bulletin, 86
M. Sherif, C. Sherif
Reference Groups
J. Greenberg, J.A. Colquitt
Handbook of Organizational Justice
E. Aronson
Social Psychology
M.L. Knapp, J.A. Hall
Nonverbal Communication in Human Interaction
J.M. Kouzes
The Leadership Challenge
F. Tonnies
Community and Society
G. Hofstede, G. Hofstede, M. Minkov (1991)
Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind
D. Morand
What's in a name: an exploration of the social dynamics of forms of address in organizations
J. Pfeffer, N. Langton (1993)
The effect of wage dispersion on satisfaction, productivity, and working collaboratively: Evidence from college and university faculty.Administrative Science Quarterly, 38
E. Durkheim
The Division of Labor in Society
K. Weick
Sensemaking in Organizations
David Morand (2005)
Black Holes in Social Space: The Occurrence and Effects of Name‐Avoidance in Organizations1Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 35
D. Gordon, R. Edwards, M. Reich
Segmented Work, Divided Workers
J. Dutton, M. Pratt, H. Trice, J. Beyer (1992)
The Cultures of Work Organizations.Administrative Science Quarterly, 40
T. Peters, R. Waterman
In Search of Excellence
R.E. Walton
From control to commitment in the workplace
E.G. Sampson
Justice and the Critique of Pure Psychology
D. Rousseau, M. Arthur (1999)
The boundaryless human resource function: Building agency and community in the new economic eraOrganizational Dynamics, 27
M. Fishbein, A. Icek
Understanding Attitudes and Predicting Social Behavior
M. McCall (1982)
Stogdill's Handbook of LeadershipAcademy of Management Review, 7
U. Neisser (1976)
Cognitive Psychology. (Book Reviews: Cognition and Reality. Principles and Implications of Cognitive Psychology)Science
P. Block
Stewardship: Choosing Service over Self‐interest
Jerald Greenberg (1988)
Equity and Workplace Status: A Field ExperimentJournal of Applied Psychology, 73
Gerald Leventhal, James Michaels, Charles Sanford (1972)
Inequity and interpersonal conflict: reward allocation and secrecy about reward as methods of preventing conflict.Journal of personality and social psychology, 23 1
R. Coser (1959)
Some Social Functions of LaughterHuman Relations, 12
M. Graham, T. Roth, D. Dugan (2008)
Effective Executive Compensation: Creating a Total Rewards Strategy for Executives
E. Goffman (1959)
The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life
B. Kabanoff (1991)
Equity, Equality, Power, and ConflictAcademy of Management Review, 16
K. Freiberg, J. Freiberg (1996)
Nuts!: Southwest Airlines' Crazy Recipe for Business and Personal Success
M. Mentzer (1988)
A Social-Contract Theory of Organizations
T.E. Deal, W.A. Jenkins
Managing the Hidden Organization
M. Deutsch (1986)
Cooperation, Conflict, and Justice
J. Shields
Managing Employee Performance and Reward: Concepts, Practices, Strategies
Jerald Greenberg (1993)
Stealing in the Name of Justice: Informational and Interpersonal Moderators of Theft Reactions to Underpayment InequityOrganizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 54
R.H. Rosen
The Healthy Company
Eliezer Rosenstein, R. Walton (1989)
Innovating to Compete: Lessons for Diffusing and Managing Change in the Workplace.Administrative Science Quarterly, 34
Barry Haynes, I. Price (2004)
Quantifying the complex adaptive workplaceFacilities, 22
E. Sundstrom, M. Sundstrom (1986)
Work Places: The Psychology of the Physical Environment in Offices and Factories
S. Barley (1996)
Technicians in the Workplace: Ethnographic Evidence for Bringing Work into Organizational StudiesAdministrative Science Quarterly, 41
C. Ichniowski, D.I. Levine, C. Olson, G. Strauss
The American Workplace: Skills, Pay, and Employment Involvement
Blake Ashforth, R. Humphrey (1997)
The Ubiquity and Potency of Labeling in OrganizationsOrganization Science, 8
E.T. Hall
The Hidden Dimension
Renae Broderick, E. Lawler (1991)
Strategic Pay: Aligning Organizational Strategies and Pay Systems.Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 45
J. Greenberg
Looking fair versus being fair: managing impressions of organizational justice
E.E. Lawler
Achieving Strategic Excellence
W. Pelfrey
Billy, Alfred, and General Motors
M. Argyle
Bodily Communication
B. Bass (1985)
LEADERSHIP AND PERFORMANCE BEYOND EXPECTATIONS
J. O'toole, E. Lawler (2006)
The New American Workplace
E. Shils (1965)
Charisma, Order, and StatusAmerican Sociological Review, 30
J. Pfeffer (1995)
Competitive advantage through people : unleashing the power of the work force
Paul Fadil, Robert Williams, Wanthanee Limpaphayom, Cindi Smatt (2005)
Equity or equality? a conceptual examination of the influence of individualism/collectivism on the cross‐cultural application of equity theoryCross Cultural Management: An International Journal, 12
Gerardo Marí (1981)
PERCEIVING JUSTICE ACROSS CULTURES: EQUITY VS. EQUALITY IN COLOMBIA AND IN THE UNITED STATESInternational Journal of Psychology, 16
Joanne Martin (1992)
Cultures in Organizations: Three Perspectives
S. Sarin, G. O'Connor (2009)
First Among Equals: The Effect of Team Leader Characteristics on the Internal Dynamics of Cross-Functional Product Development TeamsJournal of Product Innovation Management, 26
D. Morand
Power and politeness: the sociolinguistics of dominance, deference, and egalitarianism in organizational interaction
T. Head, Peter Sørensen, Therese Yaeger (2006)
Global Organization Development: Managing Unprecedented Change
G. Leech (1983)
Principles of pragmatics
L. Baker (1995)
Racism in Professional Settings: Forms of Address as Clues to Power RelationsThe Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 31
G. Florkowski, M. Schuster (1992)
Support for Profit Sharing and Organizational Commitment: A Path AnalysisHuman Relations, 45
A.S. Warren
Quality of work life at general motors
U. Neisser
Cognition and Reality: Principles and Implications of Cognitive Psychology
B.M. Bass, H. Stogdill
Bass and Stogdill's Handbook of Leadership
J. Rawls, Erin Kelly (2001)
Justice as Fairness: A Restatement
E. Fleishman
Twenty years of consideration and structure
J. Pfeffer (1994)
Competitive Advantage Through People
Thom Brooks, F. Freyenhagen (2005)
The Legacy of John Rawls
A. Grove
High Output Management
J. Holusha
LTV's meld of worker and management: steelmaker applies a new labor policy
H. Hornstein (2002)
The Haves and the Have Nots: The Abuse of Power and Privilege in the Workplace ... and How to Control It
D. Slobin, S. Miller, L. Porter (1968)
Forms of address and social relations in a business organization.Journal of personality and social psychology, 8 3
K. Cook, M. Deutsch (1986)
Distributive Justice: A Social-Psychological Perspective.Administrative Science Quarterly, 31
G. Almond, R. Michels, Eden Paul, Cedar Paul (1917)
Political Parties: A Sociological Study of the Oligarchical Tendencies of Modern Democracy.Political Science Quarterly, 32
James Baron, P. Osterman (1985)
Internal Labor Markets.Contemporary Sociology, 14
C. Loch, M. Yaziji, Christian Langen (2001)
The fight for the alpha position:: Channeling status competition in organizationsEuropean Management Journal, 19
J.C. Athanassiades
The distortion of upward communication in hierarchical organizations
I. Price (2002)
The Complex Adaptive Workplace: A Theoretical Link between Office Design and Productivity?
(1983)
Love Canal Revisited: Still More Questions
R. Pascale (1990)
Managing on the edge : how the smartest companies use conflict to stay ahead
S.N. Eisenstadt
Social Differentiation and Stratification
J. Giacobbe-Miller, D. Miller, Weijun Zhang (1997)
Equity, equality and need as determinants of pay allocationsEmployee Relations, 19
C. West
Routine Complications
M. Louis (1980)
Surprise and sense making: what newcomers experience in entering unfamiliar organizational settings.Administrative science quarterly, 25 2
G.C. Homans
The Human Group
J. Chan, S. Beckman, P. Lawrence (2007)
Workplace Design: A New Managerial ImperativeCalifornia Management Review, 49
David Morand (1995)
The Role of Behavioral Formality and Informality in the Enactment of Bureaucratic Versus Organic OrganizationsAcademy of Management Review, 20
D. Krackhardt, Robert Stern (1988)
Informal Networks and Organizational Crises: An Experimental SimulationSocial Psychology Quarterly, 51
E.E. Lawler, C. Worley
Built to Change
T. Mitchell, W. Scott (1990)
America's Problems and Needed Reforms: Confronting the Ethic of Personal AdvantageThe Executive, 4
E. Applbaum, R. Batt
The New American Workplace: Transforming Work Systems in the United States
D. Levine (1991)
Cohesiveness, Productivity, and Wage Dispersion
A.L. Wilkins
Organizational stories as symbols which control the organization
J. Colquitt, Christine Jackson (2006)
Justice in Teams: The Context Sensitivity of Justice Rules Across Individual and Team Contexts1Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 36
M. Blumberg
Job switching in autonomous work groups
Y. Reddy
Executive perquisites – do they affect efficiency and shareholder value?
J. Roemer, A. Trannoy (2013)
Equality of OpportunityYale Economics Department Research Papers
J. Conger, R. Kanungo (1988)
The Empowerment Process: Integrating Theory and PracticeAcademy of Management Review, 13
G. Kunda
Engineering Culture: Control and Commitment in a High‐tech Corporation
R. Coff (1997)
Human Assets and Management Dilemmas: Coping With Hazards On the Road to Resource-Based TheoryAcademy of Management Review, 22
R. Coser (1960)
Laughter among colleagues. A study of the social functions of humor among the staff of a mental hospital.Psychiatry, 23
E. Lawler (1986)
High-Involvement Management
M. Weber (1946)
From Max Weber: Essays in sociology
Roger Brown, A. Gilman (1989)
Politeness theory and Shakespeare's four major tragediesLanguage in Society, 18
M. Blumberg (1980)
Job Switching in Autonomous Work Groups: An Exploratory Study in a Pennsylvania Coal MineAcademy of Management Journal, 23
Richard Brown, M. Ford (1961)
Address in American English.The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 62
David Morand (1996)
What's in a Name?Management Communication Quarterly, 9
A. Mehrabian
Nonverbal Communication
E.E. Lawler
Rewarding Excellence
B. Thurston, D. Bakan (1966)
The duality of human existence
K. Lewin, R. Lippitt, R. White (1939)
Patterns of Aggressive Behavior in Experimentally Created “Social Climates”Journal of Social Psychology, 10
K. Iverson
Steel company believes egalitarian structure brings profits
L. Festinger (1954)
A Theory of Social Comparison ProcessesHuman Relations, 7
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to describe the programs of status leveling – such as through the elimination of executive washrooms, reserved parking, and so forth – are a taken‐for‐granted feature of many workplace involvement and quality improvement programs, yet no prior research has investigated the presumed effects. Design/methodology/approach – This conceptual paper enumerates devices commonly used to level status in organizations, and presents a number of propositions intended to capture the major effects. The paper draws on extant literatures from social psychology, sociology, and organizational theory to account for processes and effects of leveling. Findings – Leveling devices lead to several proximate outcomes: increased cross‐status interaction and contact, literal blurring of status, role flexibility, and low power distance perceptions. These in turn mediate the relation between leveling and several broader organizational outcomes, including distributive justice based upon equality, community, communication, and empowerment. Factors moderating the effects of leveling are explored. Research limitations/implications – While the salutary effects of leveling tend to be taken for granted, it is possible to specify how leveling generates specific behavioral, attitudinal, and performance related outcomes. The model should be empirically tested. Practical implications – The findings provide managers with a fine‐grained understanding of this important set of organizational practices. Originality/value – No prior scholarship has focused on this most important topic.
International Journal of Organizational Analysis – Emerald Publishing
Published: Mar 16, 2010
Keywords: Social status; Management power; Organizational change; Social psychology
Read and print from thousands of top scholarly journals.
Already have an account? Log in
Bookmark this article. You can see your Bookmarks on your DeepDyve Library.
To save an article, log in first, or sign up for a DeepDyve account if you don’t already have one.
Copy and paste the desired citation format or use the link below to download a file formatted for EndNote
Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
All DeepDyve websites use cookies to improve your online experience. They were placed on your computer when you launched this website. You can change your cookie settings through your browser.