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The AirAcetylene Torch

The AirAcetylene Torch Workshop and Production Section AIRCRAFT ENGINEERIN G December, 1941 H E air-acetylene torch is often overlooked, and and bright and free from oxide. Files are not in the bearings. For this application the operator it is often forgotten as a n economical tool where recommended for this work because they scratch first swabs th e inside of th e housing with acid, then, less heat than that given by th e oxy-acctylene th e surface and may cause a poor joint. The inside using the largest stem supplied with the uulfit blowpipe is necessary. of the fittings must be polished because the surfaces he heats the inner surface and flows solderin; Th e air-acctylcnc outfit consists essentially of a to be soldered must be absolutely clean. A non- on to it. This operation is, of course, a machi!' small tank of dissolved acetylene; a pressure corrosive soldering llux should then be applied to job . The same application, however, shou1 regulator, a length of acetylene hose, a torch th e clean surfaces. Too much should not be used to all shops which have occasion to rt. tin handle with a varied assortment of stems for because it may form bubbles when it is heated and metal bearings or to make new ones. various work, and an alternative stem for different this will- prevent the solder material from being For maintenance work, the air-acetylene appai. type s of soldering. attracte d into the joint and around all th e surfaces tu s has many uses. The torches can bo used for There are many advantages which arc inherent to be joined. Outside th e fitting any flux should be soldering lugs, splicing wires, and a host of similar wiped off, otherwise the solder has a tendency to in the air-acetylene flame over liquid or other gas operations. The acetylene melting furnace can run over the surface of the tube wherever there is fuel flames. It produces a higher flame tempera­ also be used for melting bulk solder or other com­ llux. This would spoil the finished appearance. tur e than petrol or coal gas. It produces a llamo pounds . The air-acetylene flame may be used for tha t is non-oxidizing and non-carbonizing, and it Th e flame is next adjusted to the right size and joining copper wire; when the two wire ends are can be perfectly and instantly controlled. The outfit played with a brushing motion over the portions to twisted in th e ordinary manner to produce a strong is portable ami generally very handy. Perhaps the b e soldered until they have become heated to the join t and then the ends arc ben t over in a loop and best way to show some of the many uses of soldering temperature. The ilame must be kept slipped into a smaller cylindrically shaped copper this process is to cite several interesting actual moving so that overheating is prevented. The sheet clip and soldered to produce a good electrical cases. temperatur e for soldering can be tested by touching connexion. The reason for thi s loop is t o solder th e Th e rapidly spreading use of copper and brass join t without applying any heat to the wire under th e solder to th e point where it is t o be introduced tubing with sweated fittings has undoubtedly been tensile stress. It seems that even the application (this depends, of course, on th e design and make of accelerated by the fact that these fittings are more of enough heat for the soldering operation anneals th e fitting), keeping th e flame away from the solder easily, more efficiently and more economically in­ while making the test. It is important that the th e wire and weakens the metal. In the soldering stalled by the acetylene torch. These fittings con­ join t should not b e overheated. operation th e flame is held so tha t it does no t come sist essentially of shaped copper tube, usually of in contact with th e twisted joint. Whe n the joint is the correct temperature, the the same material as the pipeline itself. The flame is removed completely and th e solder applied, Heav y soldering operations in production work fittings arc mad e into angles, tees, three-way joints, when it will be sucked into the joint. When a line can be facilitated by the use of a simple device and many other shapes in such a way that it is of solder shows around the end of the fitting, which consists of an air-acetylene torch and a 6 lb . merely necessary to insert the pipe end into the sufficient solder has entere d the joint . If necessary, soldering copper. The shank of the soldering fitting' and apply the solder to the joint. Capillary th e joint can be reheated for an instant and more iron is bent so tha t it can be conveniently clamped attraction , because the join t is a snug fit, draws th e solder applied until the joint is completely filled. t o the stem of th e torch. The flame plays directly solder completely around the fitting forming a All surplus solder from around th e edges of th e joint on the iron back of th e tinned surface, and th e size strong, watertight joint. should be removed by a light camel hair brush. of th e flame is determine d by th e speed of th e opera­ This will show whether the joint is completely Briefly, this work should be carried out a s follows : tor. Since this unit is used generally for pro­ Th e end of the tube to which a fitting is to be filled. A wet rag applied to th e joint will cool it duction work, where portability of th e equipment is applied, and the inside of th e fitting itself, should be rapidly. no t a factor, it is recommended that it be used in polished and cleaned thoroughly with fine steel conjunction with the welding type acetylene Th e torch can also be used for the tinning of wool until the part s to be sweated together are clean bearing housings preliminary to casting the metal cylinder, rather than small tank acetylene. Huringto n Co.). Vice-Presidents: (Aircraft) Peter EERING , Vol. XI, October and December, 1939, British Standards Institution Altma n (Vultee Aircraft) ; ( A ircraft Engines) C. F . pp . 385 an d 431, describing th e qualities and uses of Th e General Council has decided that, in view of Backlc (Continental Aviation & Engineerin g Corp.) ; paints , then newly developed in Germany, which, th e continuing expansion of th e work of th e B.S.I., (Diesel Engines) H. L. Knudscn (Cummins Engine when used as a coating on parts, such as cylinders, an d the development of its relations with Govern­ Co.) ; (Fuels and Lubricants) C. M. Larson (Sinclair indicated temperature changes. The articles men t Departments and with standardizing author­ Refining Co.) ; (Passenger-Car) Ernest. E Wilson aroused considerable interest a t th e time but we had ities overseas an d international bodies, an Executive (General Motors) ; (Passenger-Car Body) E. L. to reply to numerous inquirers tha t the paints were Committee with a whole-time Chairman shall be Allen Jr. - (Standard Products Co.) ; (Production) no t available in England. We have now received appointed to keep all the activities of the Institu­ Josep h Geschclin (Detroit Technical Editor, Chilton a pamphlet, entitled, " Therminde x Temperature tion under review and consider and report to the Co.) ; (Tractor and Indutrial) L. S. Pfost (Massey- Indicatin g Colours," giving details of similar paints General Council from time to time as may be Harri s Co.) ; (Transportation and Maintenance) J. Y. tha t have been developed by Synthetic and In­ necessary. Ra y (Virginia Electric & Power Co.) ; (Truck and dustrial Finishes, Ltd., which are now available. Until otherwise determined by th e General Coun­ Bus) F. B. Lautzenhiser (International Harvester Copies of the pamphlet, and full information, can cil th e Executive Committee is t o consist of: Co.). Council: A. T. Colwcll, Past-President b e obtained on application to J. R. Steel & Co., 1. The Chairman of the General Council, ex (Thompson Products Inc.) ; D. A. Fales (Massach­ Ltd. , Kern House, 36-38 Kingsway, London, W.C.2. officio. usetts Institute of Technology) ; W. S. James 2. A whole-time Chairman who shall not, ex (Studcbaker Corp.) ; H. O. Mathews (Public officio, be a member of th e General Council. Utility Engineering and Service Corp.) ; N. C. Allied Aircraft Fittings 3-6. The Chairmen of th e Divisional Councils. Millman (General Motors of Canada, Ltd.) ; Arthur 7. The Chairman of th e Finance Committee. Nutt , Past-President (Wright Aeronautical Corp.) ; (Concluded from p. 353) J. V. Savage (City of Portland) ; T. P. Wright 8. The Chairman of the Mark Committee. (Office of Production Management). Treasurer: 9. A representative of the Department of conclusion that they are probably manufactured David Beecroft (Bundix Aviation Corp.) Scientific and Industrial Research. from open-hearth melts. The plates have a higher 10. A Government representative appointed if percentage of alloy than the German plates, but th e Government so desires and in such man­ ar e not a s good. It is, of course, impossible t o make S.B.A.C Officers ner as it deems appropriate. a full comparison of British and German armour- 11. A nominee by The Institution of Civil platin g in this report. Th e Council of the Society of British Aircraft Engineers on behalf of the Founder Institu­ Constructors have elected th e following new officers : I n conclusion, a few details of interest may be tions of th e original Engineering Standards President: A. F. Sidgreaves (Managing Director, mentioned. The wing-ribs of the Morane-Saulnier Committee. Rolls-Royce, Ltd. anil Director, Rotor Airscrews, aircraft are of 1-5 mm. thick, 18/8 chrome-nickel 12-14. Not more than 3 co-opted persons with Ltd.) ; Vice-Presidents: (Aircraft) J. D. North steel, spot-welded on llangcs and webs, with rein­ experience of industry and of th e work of th e forcing screws to assist the welding. The same (Managing Director, Boulton Paul, Aircraft, Ltd.) ; Institution , who shall hold office for three aircraft had a tail skid of steel with 0'35 per cent (Engines) C. C. Walker (Technical Director, The years. carbon, but th e welding had been done with a very de liavilland Aircraft Co. Ltd.) . Sir Charles Bruce Mr. C. le Maistre, c.ii.u., is appointed the first Gardner remains th e permanen t executive Chairman mild steel, almost free lrom carbon, instead of with whole-time Chairman of the Committee; subse­ of the Society. a hard alloy. Obviously, this must have been a quen t appointments to th e olfice being made by th e manufacturing error. General Council after hearing th e recommendatio n of Th e " Blenheim " oil-cooler is of sheet brass. Drop Stamping Small Parts th e Executive Committee. Th e two sheets of each rib are joined at the edges Mr. P. Good, c.u.ii., becomes Director and b y flanging and soldering, and by rivets. The I t is much regretted that an important error was Secretary of the Institution. mad e at the end of Mr. Hutton' s article under the rivet s are of copper, with a steel washer ring. The Th e Executive Committee replaces the Chair­ above title on p. 296 of the October issue. The junctio n between the copper rivet, steel washer man' s Advisory Committee. necessary hardening and tempering treatment for an d brass sheet is further reinforced by soldering— Doncastcr's B.N.C.M. quality steel should be applied presumabl y an improvised joint. after sinking, not before, as stated. Thank s are du e t o th e Deutsche Edclstahl Wcrke, Crefeld, Messrs. F'riedrich Krupp A. G., Essen, and S.A.E. Officers th e central testing laboratory of the D.V.L. at Temperature-Indicating Paints Adlershof, for their assistance in th e tests. Figs. 5 The following have been nominated as th e olficers Regular readers will remember two articles which t o 7 ar e from Dr. Ing . F . Bollenrath , t o who m thanks of th e Society of Automotive Engineers for 1942 :— appeared under the abov e title in AIRCRAF T ENGIN­ are also due. President: A. W . S. Hurington (President, Marmon- http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology Emerald Publishing

The AirAcetylene Torch

Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology , Volume 13 (12): 1 – Dec 1, 1941
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Publisher
Emerald Publishing
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Copyright © Emerald Group Publishing Limited
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0002-2667
DOI
10.1108/eb030855
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Abstract

Workshop and Production Section AIRCRAFT ENGINEERIN G December, 1941 H E air-acetylene torch is often overlooked, and and bright and free from oxide. Files are not in the bearings. For this application the operator it is often forgotten as a n economical tool where recommended for this work because they scratch first swabs th e inside of th e housing with acid, then, less heat than that given by th e oxy-acctylene th e surface and may cause a poor joint. The inside using the largest stem supplied with the uulfit blowpipe is necessary. of the fittings must be polished because the surfaces he heats the inner surface and flows solderin; Th e air-acctylcnc outfit consists essentially of a to be soldered must be absolutely clean. A non- on to it. This operation is, of course, a machi!' small tank of dissolved acetylene; a pressure corrosive soldering llux should then be applied to job . The same application, however, shou1 regulator, a length of acetylene hose, a torch th e clean surfaces. Too much should not be used to all shops which have occasion to rt. tin handle with a varied assortment of stems for because it may form bubbles when it is heated and metal bearings or to make new ones. various work, and an alternative stem for different this will- prevent the solder material from being For maintenance work, the air-acetylene appai. type s of soldering. attracte d into the joint and around all th e surfaces tu s has many uses. The torches can bo used for There are many advantages which arc inherent to be joined. Outside th e fitting any flux should be soldering lugs, splicing wires, and a host of similar wiped off, otherwise the solder has a tendency to in the air-acetylene flame over liquid or other gas operations. The acetylene melting furnace can run over the surface of the tube wherever there is fuel flames. It produces a higher flame tempera­ also be used for melting bulk solder or other com­ llux. This would spoil the finished appearance. tur e than petrol or coal gas. It produces a llamo pounds . The air-acetylene flame may be used for tha t is non-oxidizing and non-carbonizing, and it Th e flame is next adjusted to the right size and joining copper wire; when the two wire ends are can be perfectly and instantly controlled. The outfit played with a brushing motion over the portions to twisted in th e ordinary manner to produce a strong is portable ami generally very handy. Perhaps the b e soldered until they have become heated to the join t and then the ends arc ben t over in a loop and best way to show some of the many uses of soldering temperature. The ilame must be kept slipped into a smaller cylindrically shaped copper this process is to cite several interesting actual moving so that overheating is prevented. The sheet clip and soldered to produce a good electrical cases. temperatur e for soldering can be tested by touching connexion. The reason for thi s loop is t o solder th e Th e rapidly spreading use of copper and brass join t without applying any heat to the wire under th e solder to th e point where it is t o be introduced tubing with sweated fittings has undoubtedly been tensile stress. It seems that even the application (this depends, of course, on th e design and make of accelerated by the fact that these fittings are more of enough heat for the soldering operation anneals th e fitting), keeping th e flame away from the solder easily, more efficiently and more economically in­ while making the test. It is important that the th e wire and weakens the metal. In the soldering stalled by the acetylene torch. These fittings con­ join t should not b e overheated. operation th e flame is held so tha t it does no t come sist essentially of shaped copper tube, usually of in contact with th e twisted joint. Whe n the joint is the correct temperature, the the same material as the pipeline itself. The flame is removed completely and th e solder applied, Heav y soldering operations in production work fittings arc mad e into angles, tees, three-way joints, when it will be sucked into the joint. When a line can be facilitated by the use of a simple device and many other shapes in such a way that it is of solder shows around the end of the fitting, which consists of an air-acetylene torch and a 6 lb . merely necessary to insert the pipe end into the sufficient solder has entere d the joint . If necessary, soldering copper. The shank of the soldering fitting' and apply the solder to the joint. Capillary th e joint can be reheated for an instant and more iron is bent so tha t it can be conveniently clamped attraction , because the join t is a snug fit, draws th e solder applied until the joint is completely filled. t o the stem of th e torch. The flame plays directly solder completely around the fitting forming a All surplus solder from around th e edges of th e joint on the iron back of th e tinned surface, and th e size strong, watertight joint. should be removed by a light camel hair brush. of th e flame is determine d by th e speed of th e opera­ This will show whether the joint is completely Briefly, this work should be carried out a s follows : tor. Since this unit is used generally for pro­ Th e end of the tube to which a fitting is to be filled. A wet rag applied to th e joint will cool it duction work, where portability of th e equipment is applied, and the inside of th e fitting itself, should be rapidly. no t a factor, it is recommended that it be used in polished and cleaned thoroughly with fine steel conjunction with the welding type acetylene Th e torch can also be used for the tinning of wool until the part s to be sweated together are clean bearing housings preliminary to casting the metal cylinder, rather than small tank acetylene. Huringto n Co.). Vice-Presidents: (Aircraft) Peter EERING , Vol. XI, October and December, 1939, British Standards Institution Altma n (Vultee Aircraft) ; ( A ircraft Engines) C. F . pp . 385 an d 431, describing th e qualities and uses of Th e General Council has decided that, in view of Backlc (Continental Aviation & Engineerin g Corp.) ; paints , then newly developed in Germany, which, th e continuing expansion of th e work of th e B.S.I., (Diesel Engines) H. L. Knudscn (Cummins Engine when used as a coating on parts, such as cylinders, an d the development of its relations with Govern­ Co.) ; (Fuels and Lubricants) C. M. Larson (Sinclair indicated temperature changes. The articles men t Departments and with standardizing author­ Refining Co.) ; (Passenger-Car) Ernest. E Wilson aroused considerable interest a t th e time but we had ities overseas an d international bodies, an Executive (General Motors) ; (Passenger-Car Body) E. L. to reply to numerous inquirers tha t the paints were Committee with a whole-time Chairman shall be Allen Jr. - (Standard Products Co.) ; (Production) no t available in England. We have now received appointed to keep all the activities of the Institu­ Josep h Geschclin (Detroit Technical Editor, Chilton a pamphlet, entitled, " Therminde x Temperature tion under review and consider and report to the Co.) ; (Tractor and Indutrial) L. S. Pfost (Massey- Indicatin g Colours," giving details of similar paints General Council from time to time as may be Harri s Co.) ; (Transportation and Maintenance) J. Y. tha t have been developed by Synthetic and In­ necessary. Ra y (Virginia Electric & Power Co.) ; (Truck and dustrial Finishes, Ltd., which are now available. Until otherwise determined by th e General Coun­ Bus) F. B. Lautzenhiser (International Harvester Copies of the pamphlet, and full information, can cil th e Executive Committee is t o consist of: Co.). Council: A. T. Colwcll, Past-President b e obtained on application to J. R. Steel & Co., 1. The Chairman of the General Council, ex (Thompson Products Inc.) ; D. A. Fales (Massach­ Ltd. , Kern House, 36-38 Kingsway, London, W.C.2. officio. usetts Institute of Technology) ; W. S. James 2. A whole-time Chairman who shall not, ex (Studcbaker Corp.) ; H. O. Mathews (Public officio, be a member of th e General Council. Utility Engineering and Service Corp.) ; N. C. Allied Aircraft Fittings 3-6. The Chairmen of th e Divisional Councils. Millman (General Motors of Canada, Ltd.) ; Arthur 7. The Chairman of th e Finance Committee. Nutt , Past-President (Wright Aeronautical Corp.) ; (Concluded from p. 353) J. V. Savage (City of Portland) ; T. P. Wright 8. The Chairman of the Mark Committee. (Office of Production Management). Treasurer: 9. A representative of the Department of conclusion that they are probably manufactured David Beecroft (Bundix Aviation Corp.) Scientific and Industrial Research. from open-hearth melts. The plates have a higher 10. A Government representative appointed if percentage of alloy than the German plates, but th e Government so desires and in such man­ ar e not a s good. It is, of course, impossible t o make S.B.A.C Officers ner as it deems appropriate. a full comparison of British and German armour- 11. A nominee by The Institution of Civil platin g in this report. Th e Council of the Society of British Aircraft Engineers on behalf of the Founder Institu­ Constructors have elected th e following new officers : I n conclusion, a few details of interest may be tions of th e original Engineering Standards President: A. F. Sidgreaves (Managing Director, mentioned. The wing-ribs of the Morane-Saulnier Committee. Rolls-Royce, Ltd. anil Director, Rotor Airscrews, aircraft are of 1-5 mm. thick, 18/8 chrome-nickel 12-14. Not more than 3 co-opted persons with Ltd.) ; Vice-Presidents: (Aircraft) J. D. North steel, spot-welded on llangcs and webs, with rein­ experience of industry and of th e work of th e forcing screws to assist the welding. The same (Managing Director, Boulton Paul, Aircraft, Ltd.) ; Institution , who shall hold office for three aircraft had a tail skid of steel with 0'35 per cent (Engines) C. C. Walker (Technical Director, The years. carbon, but th e welding had been done with a very de liavilland Aircraft Co. Ltd.) . Sir Charles Bruce Mr. C. le Maistre, c.ii.u., is appointed the first Gardner remains th e permanen t executive Chairman mild steel, almost free lrom carbon, instead of with whole-time Chairman of the Committee; subse­ of the Society. a hard alloy. Obviously, this must have been a quen t appointments to th e olfice being made by th e manufacturing error. General Council after hearing th e recommendatio n of Th e " Blenheim " oil-cooler is of sheet brass. Drop Stamping Small Parts th e Executive Committee. Th e two sheets of each rib are joined at the edges Mr. P. Good, c.u.ii., becomes Director and b y flanging and soldering, and by rivets. The I t is much regretted that an important error was Secretary of the Institution. mad e at the end of Mr. Hutton' s article under the rivet s are of copper, with a steel washer ring. The Th e Executive Committee replaces the Chair­ above title on p. 296 of the October issue. The junctio n between the copper rivet, steel washer man' s Advisory Committee. necessary hardening and tempering treatment for an d brass sheet is further reinforced by soldering— Doncastcr's B.N.C.M. quality steel should be applied presumabl y an improvised joint. after sinking, not before, as stated. Thank s are du e t o th e Deutsche Edclstahl Wcrke, Crefeld, Messrs. F'riedrich Krupp A. G., Essen, and S.A.E. Officers th e central testing laboratory of the D.V.L. at Temperature-Indicating Paints Adlershof, for their assistance in th e tests. Figs. 5 The following have been nominated as th e olficers Regular readers will remember two articles which t o 7 ar e from Dr. Ing . F . Bollenrath , t o who m thanks of th e Society of Automotive Engineers for 1942 :— appeared under the abov e title in AIRCRAF T ENGIN­ are also due. President: A. W . S. Hurington (President, Marmon-

Journal

Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology – Emerald Publishing

Published: Dec 1, 1941

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