Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
J. Aaker (1997)
Dimensions of Brand PersonalityJournal of Marketing Research, 34
Jin-Soo Lee, K. Back (2010)
Examining Antecedents and Consequences of Brand Personality in the Upper-Upscale Business Hotel SegmentJournal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 27
K. Alexandris, Daniel Funk, M. Pritchard (2011)
The Impact of Constraints on Motivation, Activity Attachment, and Skier Intentions to ContinueJournal of Leisure Research, 43
M. Eisend, Nicola Stokburger-Sauer (2013)
Brand personality: A meta-analytic review of antecedents and consequencesMarketing Letters, 24
M. Saunders, P. Lewis, A. Thornhill (2006)
Research Methods for Business Students
Hyung-Seok Lee, Chang-Hoan Cho (2009)
The matching effect of brand and sporting event personality: sponsorship implications.Journal of Sport Management, 23
Rodoula Tsiotsou (2012)
Developing a scale for measuring the personality of sport teamsJournal of Services Marketing, 26
G. Kyle, K. Bricker, A. Graefe, Th.D. Wickham (2004)
An Examination of Recreationists' Relationships with Activities and SettingsLeisure Sciences, 26
P. Hover, H. Werff, K. Breedveld (2015)
The Netherlands: Rising participation rates, shifting segments
H. Gibson, K. Kaplanidou, S. Kang (2012)
Small-scale event sport tourism: A case study in sustainable tourismSport Management Review, 15
Ahmet Usakli, Ş. Baloğlu (2011)
Brand personality of tourist destinations: An application of self-congruity theoryTourism Management, 32
Rodoula Tsiotsou, K. Alexandris, T. Cornwell (2014)
Using evaluative conditioning to explain corporate co-branding in the context of sport sponsorshipInternational Journal of Advertising, 33
K. Kaplanidou, H. Gibson (2010)
Predicting Behavioral Intentions of Active Event Sport Tourists: The Case of a Small-scale Recurring Sports EventJournal of Sport & Tourism, 15
Sameer Hosany, Y. Ekinci, M. Uysal (2006)
Destination image and destination personality: An application of branding theories to tourism placesJournal of Business Research, 59
J. Braunstein, S. Ross (2010)
Brand Personality in Sport: Dimension Analysis and General Scale DevelopmentSport marketing quarterly, 19
Gad Yair (1992)
What keeps them running? The ‘circle of commitment’ of long distance runnersLeisure Studies, 11
G. Kyle, J. Absher, W. Hammitt, Jenny Cavin (2006)
An Examination of the Motivation—Involvement RelationshipLeisure Sciences, 28
J. Austin, Judy Siguaw, A. Mattila (2003)
A re-examination of the generalizability of the Aaker brand personality measurement frameworkJournal of Strategic Marketing, 11
G. Kyle, A. Graefe, R. Manning, James Bacon (2004)
Predictors of Behavioral Loyalty Among Hikers Along the Appalachian TrailLeisure Sciences, 26
Xiaoyan Xing, L. Chalip (2006)
Effects of Hosting a Sport Event on Destination Brand: A Test of Co-branding and Match-up ModelsSport Management Review, 9
S. Ross (2008)
Assessing the use of the brand personality scale in team sportInternational Journal of Sport Management and Marketing, 3
J. Zaichkowsky (1985)
Measuring the Involvement ConstructJournal of Consumer Research, 12
G. Laurent, J. Kapferer (1985)
Measuring Consumer Involvement ProfilesJournal of Marketing Research, 22
M. Avis (2012)
Brand Personality Factor Based Models: A Critical ReviewAustralasian Marketing Journal, 20
K. Kaplanidou, C. Vogt (2007)
The Interrelationship between Sport Event and Destination Image and Sport Tourists' BehavioursJournal of Sport & Tourism, 12
K. Alexandris (2013)
Segmenting recreational tennis players according to their involvement level: a psychographic profile based on constraints and motivationManaging Leisure, 18
X. Tran, Camille Dauchez, Anna-Milena Szemik (2013)
Hotel brand personality and brand qualityJournal of Vacation Marketing, 19
D. Aaker (1984)
Strategic Market Management
Y. Ekinci, Sameer Hosany (2006)
Destination Personality: An Application of Brand Personality to Tourism DestinationsJournal of Travel Research, 45
Kirstin Hallmann, C. Breuer, Sören Dallmeyer (2015)
Germany: Running Participation, Motivation and Images
G. Tzetzis, K. Alexandris, Sophia Kapsampeli (2014)
Predicting visitors’ satisfaction and behavioral intentions from service quality in the context of a small-scale outdoor sport eventInternational Journal of Event and Festival Management, 5
Audrey Azoulay, J. Kapferer (2003)
Do brand personality scales really measure brand personality?Journal of Brand Management, 11
G. Kyle, G. Chick (2004)
Enduring leisure involvement: the importance of personal relationshipsLeisure Studies, 23
V. Zeithaml, L. Berry, A. Parasuraman (1996)
The Behavioral Consequences of Service QualityJournal of Marketing, 60
K. Alexandris, C. Kouthouris, D. Funk, C. Giovani (2009)
Segmenting Winter Sport Tourists by Motivation: The Case of Recreational SkiersJournal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 18
K. Alexandris, C. Kouthouris, Daniel Funk, E. Chatzigianni (2008)
Examining the Relationships Between Leisure Constraints, Involvement and Attitudinal Loyalty among Greek Recreational SkiersEuropean Sport Management Quarterly, 8
Y. Iwasaki, M. Havitz (2004)
Examining Relationships between Leisure Involvement, Psychological Commitment and Loyalty to a Recreation AgencyJournal of Leisure Research, 36
R. Stebbins (1992)
Amateurs, Professionals, and Serious Leisure
K. Breedveld, J. Scheerder, J. Borgers (2015)
Running across Europe. The way forward
Thilo Kunkel, Daniel Funk, B. Hill (2013)
Brand Architecture, Drivers of Consumer Involvement, and Brand Loyalty with Professional Sport Leagues and TeamsCognitive Social Science eJournal
Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to test: the applicability of Aaker’s (1997) brand personality model in the context of mountain running races; and the influence of event personality on event involvement and loyalty. Design/methodology/approach– In total, 177 runners (n=177) at two mountain running races participated in the study and filled the brand personality (Aaker, 1997) and leisure involvement (Kyle et al., 2004a, b) questionnaires. Findings– The confirmatory factor analysis provided support for the factorial validity of the brand personality and event involvement models. The analysis confirmed also the structural model. Four of the five personality facets (excitement, competence, ruggedness and sincerity) significantly influenced the three dimensions of event involvement, which in their turn influenced event loyalty (intention to participate and W-O-M communications). Practical implications– The topic of brand personality is important for building brand equity and guiding market positioning in the growing running races sector. The current study provides event organizers with a tool for measuring the personality of their events. Furthermore, it explains how event personality influences the development of event involvement, which is an important variable for the development of event loyalty. Originality/value– It contributes to the academic literature in two ways: first, the construct of brand personality has not been previously applied in the context of outdoor sport events and especially mountain running races; and second, while it has been theoretically proposed (Aaker, 1997; Keller, 2008) and empirically supported (Eisend and Stokburger-Sauer, 2013) in the general marketing literature that brand personality is associated with positive behavioral and attitudinal (e.g. brand loyalty and brand involvement) outcomes, there has been no published research to test the relationships among brand personality, involvement and loyalty in the context of outdoor sport events.
International Journal of Event and Festival Management – Emerald Publishing
Published: Mar 7, 2016
Read and print from thousands of top scholarly journals.
Already have an account? Log in
Bookmark this article. You can see your Bookmarks on your DeepDyve Library.
To save an article, log in first, or sign up for a DeepDyve account if you don’t already have one.
Copy and paste the desired citation format or use the link below to download a file formatted for EndNote
Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
All DeepDyve websites use cookies to improve your online experience. They were placed on your computer when you launched this website. You can change your cookie settings through your browser.