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K. Norwich (1981)
Uncertainty in physiology and physics.Bulletin of mathematical biology, 43 2
K. Norwich, W. Wong (1997)
Unification of psychophysical phenomena: The complete form of Fechner’s lawPerception & Psychophysics, 59
D. Slepian (1974)
Key papers in the development of information theory
(1979)
The information content of a steady sensory stimulus
Norwich's Entropy Theory
K.H. Norwich
Why the eye may be found to be a source of light
K. Norwich (2010)
A Mathematical Exploration of the Mystery of Loudness AdaptationBulletin of Mathematical Biology, 72
K. Norwich, W. Wong (1995)
A universal model of single-unit sensory receptor action.Mathematical biosciences, 125 1
Weber fraction and reaction time from the neural entropy
The legacy of Abraham Moles and Erwin Schrödinger in psychophysics
K. Norwich (2010)
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A Mathematical Theory of Communication
K. Norwich (2005)
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K.H. Norwich
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K. Norwich (1989)
The Fechner-Stevens law is the law of transmission of informationBehavioral and Brain Sciences, 12
K. Norwich (1981)
The magical number seven: Making a “bit” of “sense”Perception & Psychophysics, 29
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K. Norwich, C. Seburn, E. Axelrad (1989)
An informational approach to reaction times.Bulletin of mathematical biology, 51 3
K. Norwich (1987)
On the theory of Weber fractionsPerception & Psychophysics, 42
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K. Norwich (1983)
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K. Norwich (1991)
On the fundamental nature of perceptionActa Biotheoretica, 39
W.L. Keats
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L. Nizami (2010)
Fundamental Flaws In The Derivation Of Stevens' Law For Taste Within Norwich's Entropy Theory of Perception, 1220
K. Norwich, Elad Sagi (2002)
Deriving the loudness exponent from categorical judgmentsPerception & Psychophysics, 64
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(1992)
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(1984)
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K. Norwich (1978)
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K. Norwich (1984)
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A. Macrae (1972)
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J. Baird (1970)
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K. Norwich (1982)
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J. Baird (1970)
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W. Stolz (1967)
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K.H. Norwich
An hypothesis on the processing of information by sensory receptors
K. Conville, K. Norwich, S. Abel (1991)
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K.H. Norwich
The physics of prayer and the origin of the universe
(1991)
Toward the unification of the laws of sensation: some food for thought
L. Nizami (2010)
Interpretation of absolute judgments using information theory: channel capacity or memory capacity?
K. Norwich (1977)
On the information received by sensory receptors.Bulletin of mathematical biology, 39 4
K. Norwich (1993)
Information, sensation, and perception
K. Norwich, Kristiina McConville (1991)
An informational approach to sensory adaptationJournal of Comparative Physiology A, 168
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to ask whether a first‐order‐cybernetics concept, Shannon's Information Theory, actually allows a far‐reaching mathematics of perception allegedly derived from it, Norwich et al. 's “Entropy Theory of Perception”. Design/methodology/approach – All of The Entropy Theory, 35 years of publications, was scrutinized for its characterization of what underlies Shannon Information Theory: Shannon's “general communication system”. There, “events” are passed by a “source” to a “transmitter”, thence through a “noisy channel” to a “receiver”, that passes “outcomes” (received events) to a “destination”. Findings – In the entropy theory, “events” were sometimes interactions with the stimulus, but could be microscopic stimulus conditions. “Outcomes” often went unnamed; sometimes, the stimulus, or the interaction with it, or the resulting sensation, were “outcomes”. A “source” was often implied to be a “transmitter”, which frequently was a primary afferent neuron; elsewhere, the stimulus was the “transmitter” and perhaps also the “source”. “Channel” was rarely named; once, it was the whole eye; once, the incident photons; elsewhere, the primary or secondary afferent. “Receiver” was usually the sensory receptor, but could be an afferent. “Destination” went unmentioned. In sum, the entropy theory's idea of Shannon's “general communication system” was entirely ambiguous. Research limitations/implications – The ambiguities indicate that, contrary to claim, the entropy theory cannot be an “information theoretical description of the process of perception”. Originality/value – Scrutiny of the entropy theory's use of information theory was overdue and reveals incompatibilities that force a reconsideration of information theory's possible role in perception models. A second‐order‐cybernetics approach is suggested.
Kybernetes – Emerald Publishing
Published: Aug 9, 2011
Keywords: Information theory; Perception; Communication; Systems; Cybernetics
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