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Nanopore-based DNA sequencing sensors and CMOS readout approaches

Nanopore-based DNA sequencing sensors and CMOS readout approaches Nanopore-based molecular sensing and measurement, specifically DNA sequencing, is advancing at a fast pace. Some embodiments have matured from coarse particle counters to enabling full human genome assembly. This evolution has been powered not only by improvements in the sensors themselves, but also in the assisting microelectronic CMOS readout circuitry closely interfaced to them. In this light, this paper aims to review established and emerging nanopore-based sensing modalities considered for DNA sequencing and CMOS microelectronic methods currently being used.Design/methodology/approachReadout and amplifier circuits, which are potentially appropriate for conditioning and conversion of nanopore signals for downstream processing, are studied. Furthermore, arrayed CMOS readout implementations are focused on and the relevant status of the nanopore sensor technology is reviewed as well.FindingsIon channel nanopore devices have unique properties compared with other electrochemical cells. Currently biological nanopores are the only variants reported which can be used for actual DNA sequencing. The translocation rate of DNA through such pores, the current range at which these cells operate on and the cell capacitance effect, all impose the necessity of using low-noise circuits in the process of signal detection. The requirement of using in-pixel low-noise circuits in turn tends to impose challenges in the implementation of large size arrays.Originality/valueThe study presents an overview on the readout circuits used for signal acquisition in electrochemical cell arrays and investigates the specific requirements necessary for implementation of nanopore-type electrochemical cell amplifiers and their associated readout electronics. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Sensor Review Emerald Publishing

Nanopore-based DNA sequencing sensors and CMOS readout approaches

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References (122)

Publisher
Emerald Publishing
Copyright
© Emerald Publishing Limited
ISSN
0260-2288
DOI
10.1108/sr-05-2020-0121
Publisher site
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Abstract

Nanopore-based molecular sensing and measurement, specifically DNA sequencing, is advancing at a fast pace. Some embodiments have matured from coarse particle counters to enabling full human genome assembly. This evolution has been powered not only by improvements in the sensors themselves, but also in the assisting microelectronic CMOS readout circuitry closely interfaced to them. In this light, this paper aims to review established and emerging nanopore-based sensing modalities considered for DNA sequencing and CMOS microelectronic methods currently being used.Design/methodology/approachReadout and amplifier circuits, which are potentially appropriate for conditioning and conversion of nanopore signals for downstream processing, are studied. Furthermore, arrayed CMOS readout implementations are focused on and the relevant status of the nanopore sensor technology is reviewed as well.FindingsIon channel nanopore devices have unique properties compared with other electrochemical cells. Currently biological nanopores are the only variants reported which can be used for actual DNA sequencing. The translocation rate of DNA through such pores, the current range at which these cells operate on and the cell capacitance effect, all impose the necessity of using low-noise circuits in the process of signal detection. The requirement of using in-pixel low-noise circuits in turn tends to impose challenges in the implementation of large size arrays.Originality/valueThe study presents an overview on the readout circuits used for signal acquisition in electrochemical cell arrays and investigates the specific requirements necessary for implementation of nanopore-type electrochemical cell amplifiers and their associated readout electronics.

Journal

Sensor Review – Emerald Publishing

Published: Aug 10, 2021

Keywords: Nanopore sensors; Molecular measurement; DNA sequencing; CMOS readout; Measurement arrays; Biochips; High-throughput measurement; Electronics; Biosensors; Sensors; Nanosensors

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