Get 20M+ Full-Text Papers For Less Than $1.50/day. Start a 14-Day Trial for You or Your Team.

Learn More →

Ketogenic vs plantogenic diets for health: a review article

Ketogenic vs plantogenic diets for health: a review article To gain a better and more comprehensive understanding, this study aims to investigate the literature to explore the two popular diets’ health benefits and concerns. Google Scholar and PubMed were used to search for available and relevant nutrition and health articles that pertain to the benefits and concerns of plantogenic and ketogenic diets. Search terms like low carbohydrate, diet, ketogenic, vegetarian and chronic diseases were used. Information was obtained from review articles and original research articles and checked for accuracy. Ketogenic diets have been used for a long time for convulsion in children and now reappeared for weight loss purposes.Design/methodology/approachKetogenic and plantogenic (plant-based) diets have been adopted today by many professionals and the public.FindingsKetogenic diets have been used for a long time for convulsion in children and now reappeared for weight loss purposes. Plantogenic diets also have been practiced for many years for religious, health and environmental reasons. Compared to plantogenic diets, ketogenic diets lack long-term evidence of its potential benefits and harm.Research limitations/implicationsMaybe Lacto-ovo vegetarian and pesco-vegetarian (eat fish but not meats) diets are OK. However, for strict plantogenic diets (total plantogenic/vegan diet), the risk of mineral or vitamin deficiency is present (Melina et al., 2016). Of particular concern is dietary vitamin B12, which is obtained mostly from animal sources (Melina et al., 2016). A long-term deficiency of vitamin B12 can lead to macrocytic anemia and cause neuro and psychological effects (Obeid et al., 2019). Also, omega-3 fatty acids may be deficient in such a diet and probably need to be supplemented on those who follow the total plantogenic diet (Melina et al., 2016). Other deficiencies of concern would be zinc, iron, calcium, vitamin D and iodine (Melina et al., 2016). Another disadvantage is that many junk foods could be easily classified within the plantogenic diet, such as sugar, cakes, French fries, white bread and rice, sugar-sweetened beverages and sweets in general. These items are related to higher weight gain and, consequently, to a higher incidence of diabetes and other chronic diseases (Schulze et al., 2004; Malik et al., 2006; Fung et al., 2009).Originality/valuePlantogenic diets were concluded to have sustainable health benefits for humans and the environment over ketogenic diets, which could be used but under professional follow-up only. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Nutrition & Food Science Emerald Publishing

Ketogenic vs plantogenic diets for health: a review article

Download PDF
15 pages

Loading next page...
 
/lp/emerald-publishing/ketogenic-vs-plantogenic-diets-for-health-a-review-article-iqUtILugTW
Publisher
Emerald Publishing
Copyright
© Emerald Publishing Limited
ISSN
0034-6659
eISSN
0034-6659
DOI
10.1108/nfs-11-2021-0344
Publisher site
See Article on Publisher Site

Abstract

To gain a better and more comprehensive understanding, this study aims to investigate the literature to explore the two popular diets’ health benefits and concerns. Google Scholar and PubMed were used to search for available and relevant nutrition and health articles that pertain to the benefits and concerns of plantogenic and ketogenic diets. Search terms like low carbohydrate, diet, ketogenic, vegetarian and chronic diseases were used. Information was obtained from review articles and original research articles and checked for accuracy. Ketogenic diets have been used for a long time for convulsion in children and now reappeared for weight loss purposes.Design/methodology/approachKetogenic and plantogenic (plant-based) diets have been adopted today by many professionals and the public.FindingsKetogenic diets have been used for a long time for convulsion in children and now reappeared for weight loss purposes. Plantogenic diets also have been practiced for many years for religious, health and environmental reasons. Compared to plantogenic diets, ketogenic diets lack long-term evidence of its potential benefits and harm.Research limitations/implicationsMaybe Lacto-ovo vegetarian and pesco-vegetarian (eat fish but not meats) diets are OK. However, for strict plantogenic diets (total plantogenic/vegan diet), the risk of mineral or vitamin deficiency is present (Melina et al., 2016). Of particular concern is dietary vitamin B12, which is obtained mostly from animal sources (Melina et al., 2016). A long-term deficiency of vitamin B12 can lead to macrocytic anemia and cause neuro and psychological effects (Obeid et al., 2019). Also, omega-3 fatty acids may be deficient in such a diet and probably need to be supplemented on those who follow the total plantogenic diet (Melina et al., 2016). Other deficiencies of concern would be zinc, iron, calcium, vitamin D and iodine (Melina et al., 2016). Another disadvantage is that many junk foods could be easily classified within the plantogenic diet, such as sugar, cakes, French fries, white bread and rice, sugar-sweetened beverages and sweets in general. These items are related to higher weight gain and, consequently, to a higher incidence of diabetes and other chronic diseases (Schulze et al., 2004; Malik et al., 2006; Fung et al., 2009).Originality/valuePlantogenic diets were concluded to have sustainable health benefits for humans and the environment over ketogenic diets, which could be used but under professional follow-up only.

Journal

Nutrition & Food Science – Emerald Publishing

Published: Jan 2, 2023

Keywords: Ketogenic; Plantogenic; Vegetarian; Plant-based diet; Health; Chronic diseases; Weight loss; Population; Eating patterns

References

  • Interest in the ketogenic diet grows for weight loss and type 2 diabetes
    Abbasi, J.
  • Flavonoids-Macromolecules interactions in human diseases with focus on Alzheimer, atherosclerosis and cancer
    Atrahimovich, A.D.; Khatib, S.
  • Plant-based diets for cardiovascular safety and performance in endurance sports
    Barnard, N.D.; Goldman, D.M.; Loomis, J.F.; Kahleova, H.; Levin, S.M.; Neabore, S.; Batts, T.C.
  • Dietary strawberries improve cardiometabolic risks in adults with obesity and elevated serum LDL cholesterol in a randomized controlled crossover trial
    Basu, A.; Izuora, K.; Betts, N.M.; Kinney, J.W.; Salazar, A.M.; Ebersole, J.L.; Scofield, R.H.
  • Legume consumption is inversely associated with type 2 diabetes incidence in adults: a prospective assessment from the PREDIMED study
    Becerra-Tomás, N.; Díaz-López, A.; Rosique-Esteban, N.
  • Effect of a low-carbohydrate diet on appetite, blood glucose levels, and insulin resistance in obese patients with type 2 diabetes
    Boden, G.; Sargrad, K.; Homko, C.
  • A randomized trial comparing a very low carbohydrate diet and a Calorie-Restricted low fat diet on body weight and cardiovascular risk factors in healthy women
    Brehm, B.J.; Seeley, R.J.; Daniels, S.R.
  • Very-low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet v. Low-fat diet for long-term weight loss: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
    Bueno, N.B.; de Melo, I.S.; de Oliveira, S.L.
  • The blue zones, second edition: 9 lessons for living longer from the people who’ve lived the longest
    Buettner, D.
  • Safety and tolerability of the ketogenic diet used for the treatment of refractory childhood epilepsy: a systematic review of published prospective studies
    Cai, Q.-Y.; Zhou, Z.-J.; Luo, R.
  • Ketogenic diets as treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus
    Casanueva, F.F.; Castellana, M.; Bellido, D.; Trimboli, P.; Castro, A.I.; Sajoux, I.; Rodriguez-Carnero, G.; Gomez-Arbelaez, D.; Crujeiras, A.B.; Martinez-Olmos, M.A.
  • Portfolio dietary pattern and cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials
    Chiavaroli, L.; Nishi, S.K.; Khan, T.A.; Braunstein, C.R.; Glenn, A.J.; Mejia, S.B.; Rahelić, D.; Kahleová, H.; Salas-Salvadó, J.; Jenkins, D.J.A.; Kendall, C.W.C.; Sievenpiper, J.L.
  • A brief history of USDA food guides
  • Diet and risk of diverticular disease in oxford cohort of European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition (EPIC): prospective study of British vegetarians and non-vegetarians
    Crowe, F.L.; Appleby, P.N.; Allen, N.E.
  • Long term effects of ketogenic diet in obese subjects with high cholesterol level
    Dashti, H.M.; Al-Zaid, N.S.; Mathew, T.C.
  • A very-low-fat vegan diet increases intake of protective dietary factors and decreases intake of pathogenic dietary factors
    Dewell, A.; Weidner, G.; Sumner, M.D.; Chi, C.S.; Ornish, D.
  • Global map of low-carb clinicians – 522+ and counting
    Doctor, D.
  • Effects of nutrition education on cardio-metabolic outcomes: a randomized clinical trial
    Dos Santos, H.; Beeson, W.L.; Segovia-Siapco, G.
  • The potential health benefits of the ketogenic diet: a narrative review
    Dowis, K.; Banga, S.
  • Dietary protein consumption and the risk of type 2 diabetes: ADose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies
    Fan, M.; Li, Y.; Wang, C.
  • Risk factors for all-cause and coronary heart disease mortality in the oldest-old. The Adventist health study
    Fraser, G.E.; Shavlik, D.J.
  • Ketosis and the ketogenic diet, 2010: advances in treating epilepsy and other disorders
    Freeman, J.M.; Kossoff, E.H.
  • Starvation ketoacidosis in pregnancy
    Frise, C.J.; Mackillop, L.; Joash, K.
  • Sweetened beverage consumption and risk of coronary heart disease in women
    Fung, T.T.; Malik, V.; Rexrode, K.M.
  • Comparison of the Atkins, zone, Ornish, and LEARN diets for change in weight and related risk factors among overweight premenopausal Women The a to Z weight loss study: a randomized trial
    Gardner, C.D.; Kiazand, A.; Alhassan, S.
  • The incidence of dementia and intake of animal products: preliminary findings from the Adventist health study
    Giem, P.; Beeson, W.L.; Fraser, G.E.
  • Protein efficiency per unit energy and per unit greenhouse gas emissions: potential contribution of diet choices to climate change mitigation
    González, A.D.; Frostell, B.; Carlsson-Kanyama, A.
  • What is the ketogenic diet?
    Gordon, B.
  • Gut microbiome: profound implications for diet and disease
    Hills, R.D.; Pontefract, B.A.; Mishcon, H.R.
  • Reduction in saturated fat intake for cardiovascular disease
    Hooper, L.; Martin, N.; Jimoh, O.F.
  • Ketonemia and seizures: metabolic and anticonvulsant effects of two ketogenic diets in childhood epilepsy
    Huttenlocher, P.R.
  • Vegetarian dietary patterns and cardiovascular disease
    Kahleova, H.; Levin, S.; Barnard, N.D.
  • Dietary risk factors for ovarian cancer: the Adventist health study (United States)
    Kiani, F.; Knutsen, S.; Singh, P.
  • Plant-based diets, pescatarian diets and COVID-19 severity: a population-based case–control study in six countries
    Kim, H.; Rebholz, C.M.; Hegde, S.
  • Review of current evidence and clinical recommendations on the effects of low-carbohydrate and very-low-carbohydrate (including ketogenic) diets for the management of body weight and other cardiometabolic risk factors: a scientific statement from the national lipid association nutrition and lifestyle task force
    Kirkpatrick, C.F.; Bolick, J.P.; Kris-Etherton, P.M.; Sikand, G.; Aspry, K.E.; Soffer, D.E.; Willard, K.E.; Maki, K.C.
  • The effects of high-protein diets on kidney health and longevity
    Ko, G.J.; Rhee, C.M.; Kalantar-Zadeh, K.; Joshi, S.
  • Antioxidant capacity of different broccoli (brassica oleracea) genotypes using the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay
    Kurilich, A.C.; Jeffery, E.H.; Juvik, J.A.
  • Ketogenic diet: a new light shining on old but gold biochemistry
    Longo, R.; Peri, C.; Cricrì, D.
  • Dietary anti-Aging polyphenols and potential mechanisms
    Luo, J.; Si, H.; Jia, Z.; Liu, D.
  • Intake of sugar-sweetened beverages and weight gain: a systematic review
    Malik, V.S.; Schulze, M.B.; Hu, F.B.
  • A provegetarian food pattern and reduction in total mortality in the prevención con dieta mediterránea (PREDIMED) study
    Martinez-Gonzalez, M.A.; Sánchez-Tainta, A.; Corella, D.
  • The effects of plant-based diets on the body and the brain: a systematic review
    Medawar, E.; Huhn, S.; Villringer, A.; Veronica Witte, A.
  • Lifestyle medicine is the use of a whole food, plant-predominant dietary lifestyle, regular physical activity, restorative sleep, stress management, avoidance of risky substances and positive social connection as a primary therapeutic modality for treatment and reversal of chronic disease
  • A plant-based diet is a powerful way to achieve good health
  • Position of the academy of nutrition and dietetics: Vegetarian diets
    Melina, V.; Craig, W.; Levin, S.
  • The complete health improvement program (CHIP): history, evaluation, and outcomes
    Morton, D.; Rankin, P.; Kent, L.
  • Description of the dash eating plan
  • Effects of dietary polyphenols on gene expression in human vascular endothelial cells
    Nicholson, S.K.; Tucker, G.A.; Brameld, J.M.
  • Vitamin B12 intake from animal foods, biomarkers, and health aspects
    Obeid, R.; Heil, S.G.; Verhoeven, M.M.A.
  • The ketogenic diet: Pros and cons
    O’Neill, B.; Raggi, P.
  • Vegetarian diets in the Adventist health study 2: a review of initial published findings
    Orlich, M.J.; Fraser, G.E.
  • Vegetarian dietary patterns and mortality in adventist health study 2
    Orlich, M.J.; Singh, P.N.; Sabaté, J.
  • Changes in prostate gene expression in men undergoing an intensive nutrition and lifestyle intervention
    Ornish, D.; Magbanua, M.J.M.; Weidner, G.; Weinberg, V.; Kemp, F.; Green, C.; Mattie, M.D.; Marlin, R.; Simko, J.; Shinohara, K.; Haqq, C.M.; Carrol, P.R.
  • Beyond weight loss: a review of the therapeutic uses of very-low-carbohydrate (ketogenic) diets
    Paoli, A.; Rubini, A.; Volek, J.S.
  • Multi-radical (ORAC MR5) antioxidant capacity of selected berries and effects of food processing
    Prior, R.L.; Sintara, M.; Chang, T.
  • A review of the nutritional value of legumes and their effects on obesity and its related co-morbidities
    Rebello, C.J.; Greenway, F.L.; Finley, J.W.
  • Carbohydrate quality and human health: a series of systematic reviews and Meta-analyses
    Reynolds, A.; Mann, J.; Cummings, J.
  • Structural basis of the anti-ageing effects of polyphenolics: mitigation of oxidative stress
    Rolt, A.; Cox, L.S.
  • Mediterranean diet and cardiovascular health: Teachings of the PREDIMED study
    Ros, E.; Martínez-González, M.A.; Estruch, R.
  • Sustainability of plant-based diets: back to the future
    Sabaté, J.; Soret, S.
  • Fad diets: a review for the primary care provider
    Saltzman, E.; Thomason, P.; Roberts, S.B.
  • Plant-Based dietary patterns and incidence of type 2 diabetes in US men and women: results from three prospective cohort studies
    Satija, A.; Bhupathiraju, S.N.; Rimm, E.B.
  • Sugar-sweetened beverages, weight gain, and incidence of type 2 diabetes in young and Middle-aged women
    Schulze, M.B.; Manson, J.E.; Ludwig, D.S.
  • Ketogenic diets in the treatment of epilepsy: short term clinical effects
    Schwartz, R.H.; Eaton, J.; Bower, B.D.; Aynsley-Green, A.
  • Proceedings of the seventh international congress on vegetarian nutrition: Introduction
    Segovia-Siapco, G.; Rajaram, S.; Sabaté, J.
  • Weight loss with a low-carbohydrate, mediterranean, or low-fat diet
    Shai, I.; Schwarzfuchs, D.; Henkin, Y.
  • The effect of the ketogenic diet on the developing skeleton
    Simm, P.J.; Bicknell-Royle, J.; Lawrie, J.
  • Healthy eating plan
  • A narrative review on the effects of a ketogenic diet on patients with Alzheimer’s disease
    Tabaie, E.A.; Reddy, A.J.; Brahmbhatt, H.
  • Living a whole food, plant-based life
  • Foods and food groups associated with the incidence of colorectal polyps: the Adventist health study
    Tantamango, Y.M.; Knutsen, S.F.; Beeson, W.L.
  • Fat-Free mass changes during ketogenic diets and the potential role of resistance
    Tinsley, G.M.; Willoughby, D.S.
  • The effects of vegetarian and vegan diets on gut microbiota
    Tomova, A.; Bukovsky, I.; Rembert, E.
  • A high-fibre bean-rich diet versus a low-carbohydrate diet for obesity
    Tonstad, S.; Malik, N.; Haddad, E.
  • Vegetarian diets and incidence of diabetes in the Adventist health study-2
    Tonstad, S.; Stewart, K.; Oda, K.
  • Effects of plant-based diets on weight status: a systematic review
    Tran, E.; Dale, H.F.; Jensen, C.; Lied, G.A.
  • Inflammation, not cholesterol, is a cause of chronic disease
    Tsoupras, A.; Lordan, R.; Zabetakis, I.
  • The keto diet and the gut: cause for concern?
    Tuck, C.J.; Staudacher, H.M.
  • Another ‘D’ in MUDPILES? A review of diet-associated nondiabetic ketoacidosis
    Ullah, W.; Hamid, M.; Mohammad Ammar Abdullah, H.
  • Carbohydrate restriction has a more favorable impact on the metabolic syndrome than a low fat diet
    Volek, J.S.; Phinney, S.D.; Forsythe, C.E.
  • World cancer research fund
  • Diet and health: What should we eat?
    Willett, W.C.
  • The top 10 causes of death
  • A low-carbohydrate, ketogenic diet to treat type 2 diabetes
    Yancy, W.S.; Foy, M.; Chalecki, A.M.
  • Vegetarian diets and blood pressure: a meta-analysis
    Yokoyama, Y.; Nishimura, K.; Barnard, N.D.
  • Antioxidant phytochemicals for the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases
    Zhang, Y.-J.; Gan, R.-Y.; Li, S.; Zhou, Y.; Li, A.-N.; Xu, D.-P.; Li, H.-B.