Get 20M+ Full-Text Papers For Less Than $1.50/day. Start a 14-Day Trial for You or Your Team.

Learn More →

Heritage protection and tourism income: the tourism heritage Kuznets curve

Heritage protection and tourism income: the tourism heritage Kuznets curve Protecting a nation’s heritage is an essential element for sustainable development. Heritage attracts tourism and drives tourist income, as well as bringing wider economic, social and environmental benefits. This study aims to improve understanding of the relationship between heritage protection spending in countries and economic development via tourism revenues via economic logic and the Kuznets curve.Design/methodology/approachThis study applies economic modelling to test for the presence of a Kuznets curve. This study uses rare available matched data on heritage protection spending from UNESCO and on travel and tourism total contribution to gross domestic product (GDP) from the World Travel and Tourism Council.FindingsThis paper finds evidence of a negative quadratic relationship between heritage protection spending per capita and tourism GDP per capita, whereby increases in heritage spending initially lead to more tourism income (typically less developed nations), but then tourism spending increases more rapidly for smaller increases heritage spending on top of this initial investment (typically more developed nations). No countries are yet at the stage where they reap high tourism income from much lower levels of heritage spending.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings suggest that the future of heritage tourism will be very different to that of today; future tourism is likely to develop significantly through innovations in management approach and advanced technologies to manage the balance between demand and heritage degradation.Practical implicationsThe predictive model allows us to plot future possibilities for heritage tourism, which in turn enables more informed decision-making regarding the planning and management of future heritage resources and tourism demand. Tourism heritage institutions and their benefactors should further plan and invest in innovations (such as technologies and management practices) to advanced economically and move along the tourism heritage Kuznets curve.Originality/valueTo the best of the author’s knowledge, this paper formally tests, for the first time, for the presence of a Kuznets curve in the relationship between heritage protection spending and tourism income. It provides original evidence of the value of applying the underlying theory of the Kuznets curve in a tourism context. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Tourism Review Emerald Publishing

Heritage protection and tourism income: the tourism heritage Kuznets curve

Barnes, Stuart J.
Tourism Review , Volume 77 (6): 17 – Oct 27, 2022
Download PDF
17 pages

Loading next page...
 
/lp/emerald-publishing/heritage-protection-and-tourism-income-the-tourism-heritage-kuznets-JuBqSeBdtn
Publisher
Emerald Publishing
Copyright
© Emerald Publishing Limited
ISSN
1660-5373
eISSN
1660-5373
DOI
10.1108/tr-03-2022-0125
Publisher site
See Article on Publisher Site

Abstract

Protecting a nation’s heritage is an essential element for sustainable development. Heritage attracts tourism and drives tourist income, as well as bringing wider economic, social and environmental benefits. This study aims to improve understanding of the relationship between heritage protection spending in countries and economic development via tourism revenues via economic logic and the Kuznets curve.Design/methodology/approachThis study applies economic modelling to test for the presence of a Kuznets curve. This study uses rare available matched data on heritage protection spending from UNESCO and on travel and tourism total contribution to gross domestic product (GDP) from the World Travel and Tourism Council.FindingsThis paper finds evidence of a negative quadratic relationship between heritage protection spending per capita and tourism GDP per capita, whereby increases in heritage spending initially lead to more tourism income (typically less developed nations), but then tourism spending increases more rapidly for smaller increases heritage spending on top of this initial investment (typically more developed nations). No countries are yet at the stage where they reap high tourism income from much lower levels of heritage spending.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings suggest that the future of heritage tourism will be very different to that of today; future tourism is likely to develop significantly through innovations in management approach and advanced technologies to manage the balance between demand and heritage degradation.Practical implicationsThe predictive model allows us to plot future possibilities for heritage tourism, which in turn enables more informed decision-making regarding the planning and management of future heritage resources and tourism demand. Tourism heritage institutions and their benefactors should further plan and invest in innovations (such as technologies and management practices) to advanced economically and move along the tourism heritage Kuznets curve.Originality/valueTo the best of the author’s knowledge, this paper formally tests, for the first time, for the presence of a Kuznets curve in the relationship between heritage protection spending and tourism income. It provides original evidence of the value of applying the underlying theory of the Kuznets curve in a tourism context.

Journal

Tourism Review – Emerald Publishing

Published: Oct 27, 2022

Keywords: Heritage; Tourism; Demand; Heritage protection; Kuznets curve; Economic development; Technology; Future; Innovation; 遗产; 旅游; 需求; 遗产保护; 库兹涅茨曲线; 经济发展; 技术; 未来; 创新; 创新; patrimonio; turismo; demanda; protección del patrimonio; curva de Kuznets; desarrollo económico; tecnología; futuro; innovación

References

  • Role of smart tourism technology in heritage tourism development
    Balakrishnan, J.; Dwivedi, J.K.; Malik, F.T.; Baabdullah, A.M.
  • Assessing sustainable tourism development through service supply chain process maturity and service quality model
    Balouei Jamkhaneh, H.; Shahin, R.; Shahin, A.
  • The past, present and future of smart tourism destinations: a bibliometric analysis
    Bastidas-Manzano, A.-B.; Sánchez-Fernández, J.; Casado-Aranda, L.-B.
  • Management of immersive heritage tourism experiences: a conceptual model
    Bec, A.; Moyle, B.; Timms, K.; Schaffer, V.; Skavronskaya, L.; Little, C.
  • Technological progress and the environmental kuznets curve in the twenty regions of Italy
    Biardi, D.
  • Sustainable tourism evaluation using a composite indicator with different compensatory levels
    Blancas, F.J.; Lozano-Oyola, M.
  • A literature survey on environmental kuznets curve
    Bo, S.
  • Economic impacts of cultural heritage – research and perspectives
    Bowitz, E.; Ibenholt, K.
  • From 3D reconstruction to virtual reality: a complete methodology for digital archaeological exhibition
    Bruno, F.; Bruno, S.; De Sensi, G.; Luchi, M.L.; Mancuso, S.; Muzzupappa, M.
  • Smart hospitality: interconnectivity and interoperability towards an ecosystem
    Buhalis, D.; Leung, R.
  • Progress on technology use in tourism
    Cai, W.; Richter, S.; McKenna, B.
  • Do behaviours in cultural markets affect economic resilience? An analysis of Italian regions
    Cellini, R.; Cuccia, T.
  • Apply an augmented reality in a mobile guidance to increase sense of place for heritage places
    Chang, Y.-L.; Hou, H.-T.; Pan, C.-Y.; Sung, Y.-T.; Chang, K.-E.
  • Sustainability in tourism determined by an asymmetric game with mobility
    Chica, M.; Hernández, J.M.; Perc, M.
  • Tourism sustainability: economic benefits and strategies for preservation and conservation of heritage sites in southeast Asia
    Chong, K.Y.; Balasingam, A.S.
  • The influence of tourism website on tourists’ behavior to determine destination selection: a case study of creative economy in Korea
    Chung, N.; Lee, H.; Lee, S.J.; Koo, C.
  • The environmental Kuznets curve: an empirical analysis
    Cole, M.A.; Rayner, A.J.; Bates, J.M.
  • Environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis: a survey
    Dinda, S.
  • Using social media photos to identify tourism preferences in smart tourism destination
    Figueredo, M.; Cacho, N.; Thome, A.; Cacho, A.; Lopes, F.; Araujo, M.
  • Technology, ICT and tourism: from big data to the big picture
    Gössling, S.
  • Smart tourism: foundations and developments
    Gretzel, U.; Sigala, M.; Xiang, Z.; Koo, C.
  • The destruction of cultural heritage and international tourism: the case of the Arab countries
    Groizard, J.L.; Santana-Gallego, M.
  • Environmental impacts of the North American free trade agreement
    Grossman, G.M.; Krueger, A.B.
  • Environmental impacts of the North American free trade agreement
    Grossman, G.M.; Krueger, A.B.; Garber, P.
  • Economic growth and the environment
    Grossman, G.M.; Krueger, A.B.
  • How the arts impact communities: an introduction to the literature of arts impact studies
    Guetzkow, J.
  • Virtual reality: applications and implications for tourism
    Guttentag, D.A.
  • Smart tourism technologies in travel planning: the role of exploration and exploitation
    Huang, C.D.; Goo, J.; Nam, K.; Yoo, C.W.
  • How do visitors respond to sustainable tourism interpretations? A further investigation into content and media format
    Huang, Z.; Weng, L.; Bao, J.
  • Automation and artificial intelligence in hospitality and tourism
    Jabeen, F.; Al Zaidi, S.; Al Dhaheri, M.H.
  • Economic models for the environmental kuznets curve: a survey
    Kijima, M.; Nishide, K.; Ohyama, A.
  • Green practices of the hotel industry: analysis through the windows of smart tourism system
    Kim, J.-Y.; Hlee, S.; Joun, Y.
  • Exploring consumer behavior in virtual reality tourism using an extended stimulus-organism-response model
    Kim, M.J.; Lee, C.K.; Jung, T.
  • A structural model for destination travel intention as a media exposure: belief-desire-intention model perspective
    Koo, C.; Joun, Y.; Han, H.; Chung, N.
  • Economic growth and income inequality
    Kuznets, S.P.
  • Environmental kuznets curve: threatened species and spatial effects
    McPherson, M.A.; Nieswiadomy, M.L.
  • Co-creating the city: digital technology and creative tourism
    Marques, L.; Borba, C.
  • Municipal waste Kuznets curves: evidence on socio-economic drivers and policy effectiveness from the EU
    Mazzanti, M.; Zoboli, R.
  • Digital heritage tourism: innovations in museums
    Navarrete, T.
  • Networking, coopetition and sustainability of tourism destinations
    Nguyen, T.T.; Johnson, P.; Young, T.
  • The role of cultural heritage in sustainable development: multidimensional indicators as decision-making tool
    Nocca, F.
  • A review on augmented reality for virtual heritage system
    Noh, Z.; Sunar, M.S.; Pan, Z.
  • European cultural heritage and tourism flows: the magnetic role of superstar world heritage sites
    Panzera, E.; de Graaff, T.; de Groot, H.L.F.
  • Cultural heritage and sustainable development targets: a possible harmonisation? Insights from the European perspective
    Petti, L.; Trillo, C.; Makore, B.N.
  • Determinants for value cocreation and collaborative paths in complex service systems: a focus on (smart) cities
    Polese, F.; Barile, S.; Caputo, F.; Carrubbo, L.; Waletzky, L.
  • Do individual preferences explain environmental Kuznets curve?
    Roca, J.
  • Regional tourism development: culture, nature, life cycle and attractiveness
    Romão, J.; Guerreiro, J.; Rodrigues, P.
  • Territory and sustainable tourism development: a space-time analysis on European regions
    Romão, J.; Guerreiro, J.; Rodrigues, P.M.M.
  • The EKC hypothesis does not hold for direct material flows: environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis tests for direct material flows in five industrial countries
    Seppälä, T.; Haukioja, T.; Kaivo-oja, J.
  • Smart tourism destinations: a systematic review
    Shafiee, S.; Rajabzadeh Ghatari, A.; Hasanzadeh, A.; Jahanyan, S.
  • The role of UNESCO cultural heritage and cultural sector in tourism development: the case of EU countries
    Škrabić Perić, B.; Šimundić, B.; Muštra, V.; Vugdelija, M.
  • The rise and fall of the environmental Kuznets curve
    Stern, D.I.
  • Economic impact of a heritage tourism system
    Strauss, C.H.; Lord, B.E.
  • Embodiment of wearable augmented reality technology in tourism experiences
    Tussyadiah, I.P.; Jung, T.H.; Tom Dieck, M.C.
  • Target indicator 11.4.1
  • Launch of the UIS 2021 survey of expenditure on cultural and natural heritage (SDG 11.4.1)
  • The environmental Kuznets curve
    Van Alstine, J.; Neumayer, E.; Gallagher, K.P.
  • Abuses of conventional impact studies in the arts
    van Puffelen, F.
  • Knowledge management for the development of a smart tourist destination: the possible repositioning of Prato
    Varra, L.; Buzzigoli, L.; Buzzigoli, C.; Loro, R.; Ordoñez de, P.; Pablos, L.J.; Turró, R.; Tennyson, D.; Zhao, J.
  • Documentation of cultural heritage using digital photogrammetry and laser scanning
    Yastikli, N.
  • Improving travel decision support satisfaction with smart tourism technologies: a framework of tourist elaboration likelihood and self-efficacy
    Yoo, C.W.; Goo, J.; Huang, C.D.; Nam, K.; Woo, M.
  • Effects of virtual reality and augmented reality on visitor experiences in museum
    Jung, T.H.; tom Dieck, M.C.; Lee, H.; Chung, N.; Inversini, A.; Schegg, R.
  • A multisensory virtual experience model for thematic tourism: a port wine tourism application proposal
    Martins, J.; Gonçalves, R.; Branco, F.; Barbosa, L.; Melo, M.; Bessa, M.
  • New realities: a systematic literature review on virtual reality and augmented reality in tourism research
    Yung, R.; Khoo-Lattimore, C.