Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
Kent Miller, P. Bromiley (1990)
Strategic Risk and Corporate Performance: an Analysis of Alternative Risk MeasuresAcademy of Management Journal, 33
L. Tvede
Business Cycles: From John Law to Chaos Theory
P. Navarro (2005)
The Well-Timed Strategy: Managing the Business CycleCalifornia Management Review, 48
M. Jensen (1999)
Eclipse of the Public CorporationSPGMI: Compustat Fundamentals (Topic)
M. Braun, S. Latham
The governance of going private transactions: the leveraged buyout board of directors as a distinctive source of value
Abbie Smith (1990)
Corporate ownership structure and performance *1: The case of management buyoutsJournal of Financial Economics, 27
R. Johnson, R. Hoskisson, M. Hitt
Board of director involvement in restructuring: the effects of board versus managerial controls and characteristics
E. Bowman, Harbir Singh, M. Useem, Raja Bhadury (1999)
When Does Restructuring Improve Economic Performance?California Management Review, 41
C. *, D. Laing, M. Wright (2005)
Undervaluation, private information, agency costs and the decision to go privateApplied Financial Economics, 15
M. Vries (1993)
The dynamics of family controlled firms: The good and the bad news.Organizational Dynamics, 21
H. James (1999)
What Can the Family Contribute to Business? Examining Contractual RelationshipsFamily Business Review, 12
S. Kaplan, P. Strömberg (2008)
Leveraged Buyouts and Private EquityEntrepreneurship & Finance eJournal
Michael Braun, Scott Latham (2007)
The governance of going private transactionsManagement Decision, 45
C. Sundaramurthy, Marianne Lewis (2003)
Control and Collaboration: Paradoxes of GovernanceAcademy of Management Review, 28
E. Fama, M. Jensen (1983)
Separation of Ownership and ControlThe Journal of Law and Economics, 26
Michael Jensen, W. Meckling (1976)
Harvard Business School; SSRN; National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER); European Corporate Governance Institute (ECGI); Harvard University - Accounting & Control UnitLSN: Law & Finance: Empirical (Topic)
Michael Braun, Scott Latham (2009)
Rethinking value creation in leveraged buyoutsManagement Decision, 47
S. Zahra (2005)
Entrepreneurial Risk Taking in Family FirmsFamily Business Review, 18
Scott Smart, J. Waldfogel (1994)
Measuring the Effect of Restructuring on Corporate Performance: The Case of Management BuyoutsThe Review of Economics and Statistics, 76
A. Colli, P. Pérez, M. Rose (2003)
National Determinants of Family Firm Development? Family Firms in Britain, Spain, and Italy in the Nineteenth and Twentieth CenturiesEnterprise & Society, 4
Andrei Shleifer, Robert Vishny (1996)
A Survey of Corporate GovernanceOrganizations & Markets eJournal
Kose John, Lemma Senbet (1997)
Corporate Governance and Board EffectivenessEntrepreneurship & Management eJournal
B. Boyd (1995)
CEO DUALITY AND FIRM PERFORMANCE: A CONTINGENCY MODELSouthern Medical Journal, 16
S. Zahra (2010)
Harvesting Family Firms' Organizational Social Capital: A Relational PerspectiveTypes of Organizations & Organizational Behavior eJournal
Paul Milgrom, John Roberts (1988)
Economic theories of the firm: past, present, and futureCanadian Journal of Economics, 21
D. Hambrick, C. Snow (1977)
A Contextual Model of Strategic Decision Making in Organizations., 1977
Sarah Peck (2004)
The Carrot versus the Stick: The Role of Incentive Compensation and Debt Obligations in the Success of LBOs
Allison Pearson, Laura Marler (2010)
A Leadership Perspective of Reciprocal Stewardship in Family FirmsEntrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 34
G. Wood, M. Wright (2009)
Private Equity: A Review and SynthesisCorporate Finance: Governance
M. Davies
Private equity deals at five‐year low
W. Long, D. Ravenscraft (1993)
LBOs, debt and R&D intensitySouthern Medical Journal, 14
F. Merino, D. Rodriguez
A consistent analysis of diversification with non‐observable firm‐effects
A. Smith
Capital ownership structure and performance: the case of management buyouts
M. Carney (2005)
Corporate Governance and Competitive Advantage in Family–Controlled FirmsEntrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 29
Mark Mitchell, J. Mulherin (1996)
The impact of industry shocks on takeover and restructuring activityJournal of Financial Economics, 41
P. Westhead, Carole Howorth (2006)
Ownership and Management Issues Associated With Family Firm Performance and Company ObjectivesFamily Business Review, 19
Harbir Singh (1990)
MANAGEMENT BUYOUTS: DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERISTICS AND OPERATING CHANGES PRIOR TO PUBLIC OFFERING
W. Schulze, M. Lubatkin, Richard Dino, Ann Buchholtz (2001)
Agency Relationships in Family Firms: Theory and EvidenceOrganization Science, 12
A. Fiegenbaum, H. Thomas
Attitudes toward risk and the risk‐return paradox
N. Park, John Mezias (2005)
Before and after the technology sector crash: the effect of environmental munificence on stock market response to alliances of e‐commerce firmsSouthern Medical Journal, 26
I. Fox, A. Marcus (1992)
The Causes and Consequences of Leveraged Management BuyoutsAcademy of Management Review, 17
S. Zahra, J. Pearce (1989)
Boards of Directors and Corporate Financial Performance: A Review and Integrative ModelJournal of Management, 15
D. Farrell, S. Lund, K. Sadan
The new power brokers
Pramodita Sharma, James Chrisman, J. Chua (1997)
Strategic Management of the Family Business: Past Research and Future ChallengesFamily Business Review, 10
Jim Lee (2006)
Family Firm Performance: Further EvidenceFamily Business Review, 19
James Chrisman, J. Chua, Reginald Litz (2004)
Comparing the Agency Costs of Family and Non–Family Firms: Conceptual Issues and Exploratory EvidenceEntrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 28
Chris Muscarella, Michael Vetsuypens (1990)
Efficiency and Organizational Structure: A Study of Reverse LBOsJournal of Finance, 45
Pramodita Sharma, S. Manikutty (2005)
Strategic Divestments in Family Firms: Role of Family Structure and Community CultureEntrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 29
S. Kaplan (1989)
The effects of management buyouts on operating performance and valueJournal of Financial Economics, 24
T. Zellweger, Robert Nason (2008)
A Stakeholder Perspective on Family Firm PerformanceFamily Business Review, 21
P. Bolton, D. Scharfstein (1998)
Corporate Finance, the Theory of the Firm, and OrganizationsJournal of Economic Perspectives, 12
Michael Braun, Anurag Sharma (2007)
Should the CEO Also Be Chair of the Board? An Empirical Examination of Family-Controlled Public FirmsFamily Business Review, 20
M. Wright, R. Hoskisson, Lowell Busenitz, Jay Dial (2000)
Entrepreneurial Growth Through Privatization: The Upside of Management BuyoutsAcademy of Management Review, 25
J. Pearce, Steven Michael (2006)
Strategies to prevent economic recessions from causing business failureBusiness Horizons, 49
Avi Fiegenbaum, H. Thomas (1985)
Risk-attitudes and the risk return paradox : prospect theory explanationsAcademy of Management Journal, 31
M. Mizruchi (1983)
Who Controls Whom? An Examination of the Relation Between Management and Boards of Directors in Large American CorporationsAcademy of Management Review, 8
Daniel Levinthal (1997)
Adaptation on rugged landscapesManagement Science, 43
Richard Johnson, M. Hitt, R. Hoskisson (1993)
BOARD OF DIRECTOR INVOLVEMENT IN RESTRUCTURING: THE EFFECTS OF BOARD VERSUS MANAGERIAL CONTROLSStrategic Management Journal, 14
Joseph Cheng, I. Kesner (1997)
Organizational Slack and Response to Environmental Shifts: The Impact of Resource Allocation PatternsJournal of Management, 23
Briance Mascarenhas, D. Aaker (1989)
Strategy over the business cycleSouthern Medical Journal, 10
Danny Miller, Isabelle Breton-Miller (2006)
Family Governance and Firm Performance: Agency, Stewardship, and CapabilitiesFamily Business Review, 19
F. Merino, D. Rodríguez (1997)
A consistent analysis of diversification decisions with non-observable firm effectsStrategic Management Journal, 18
B. Baysinger, Rita Kosnik, Thomas Turk (1991)
Effects of Board and Ownership Structure on Corporate R&D StrategyAcademy of Management Journal, 34
Journal of Economic Perspectives—Volume 13, Number 2—Spring 1999—Pages 69–90 Theory and History Behind Business Cycles: Are the 1990s the Onset of a
Scott Latham, Michael Braun (2008)
The Performance Implications of Financial Slack during Economic Recession and Recovery: Observations from the Software Industry (2001-2003) *Journal of Managerial Issues, 20
G. Corbetta, C. Salvato (2004)
Self–Serving or Self–Actualizing? Models of Man and Agency Costs in Different Types of Family Firms: A Commentary on “Comparing the Agency Costs of Family and Non–family Firms: Conceptual Issues and Exploratory Evidence”Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 28
Robert Holthausen, D. Larcker (1996)
The financial performance of reverse leveraged buyoutsJournal of Financial Economics, 42
J. Ritter (1984)
The "Hot Issue" Market of 1980The Journal of Business, 57
Jay Galbraith (1973)
Designing Complex Organizations
O. Tam, M. Tan (2007)
Ownership, Governance and Firm Performance in MalaysiaFEN: Behavioral Finance (Topic)
T. Pieper, S. Klein, P. Jaskiewicz
The impact of culture on corporate governance: an agency and stewardship theoretical analysis of boards of directors
Kees Leeden (2009)
The performance of reverse leveraged buyouts
Gabriel Pérez-Quirós, A. Timmermann (2000)
Firm Size and Cyclical Variations in Stock ReturnsJournal of Finance, 55
C. Daily, D. Dalton (1994)
Bankruptcy and Corporate Governance: The Impact of Board Composition and StructureAcademy of Management Journal, 37
Belén Villalonga, R. Amit (2004)
How Do Family Ownership, Control, and Management Affect Firm Value?Corporate Finance: Governance
P. Navarro, P. Bromiley, Pedro Sottile (2010)
Business cycle management and firm performance: Tying the empirical knotJournal of Strategy and Management, 3
L. Bourgeois (1981)
On the Measurement of Organizational SlackAcademy of Management Review, 6
J. heuvel, A. Gils, Wim Voordeckers (2006)
Board Roles in Small and Medium-Sized Family Businesses: Performance and ImportanceCorporate Finance: Governance
Douglas Cumming, M. Wright, D. Siegel (2007)
Private Equity, Leveraged Buyouts and GovernanceERPN: Agency Issues (Sub-Topic)
M. Jensen, W. Meckling
Theory of the firm: management behavior, agency costs and ownership structure
T. Jones, R. Hunt (1991)
The ethics of leveraged management buyouts revisitedJournal of Business Ethics, 10
W. Schulze, M. Lubatkin, Richard Dino (2002)
Altruism, agency, and the competitiveness of family firmsManagerial and Decision Economics, 23
H. Simon (1947)
Administrative Behavior: A Study of Decision Making Processes in Administrative Organization
H. Demsetz (1983)
The Structure of Ownership and the Theory of the FirmThe Journal of Law and Economics, 26
Shorey Peterson, A. Berle, G. Means (1933)
The Modern Corporation and Private Property.Journal of the American Statistical Association, 28
J. Lai, S. Sudarsanam (1997)
Corporate Restructuring in Response to Performance Decline: Impact of Ownership, Governance and LendersReview of Finance, 1
Torsten Pieper, Sabine Klein, Peter Jaskiewicz (2008)
The Impact of Goal Alignment on Board Existence and Top Management Team Composition: Evidence from Family‐Influenced Businesses**Journal of Small Business Management, 46
S. Zahra, J. Hayton, C. Salvato (2004)
Entrepreneurship in Family vs. Non–Family Firms: A Resource–Based Analysis of the Effect of Organizational CultureEntrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 28
J. Harford (2005)
What drives merger wavesJournal of Financial Economics, 77
Ronald Anderson, D. Reeb (2003)
Founding-Family Ownership and Firm Performance: Evidence from the S&P 500Journal of Finance, 58
James Thompson (1967)
Organizations in Action
L. Scholes, M. Wright, P. Westhead, H. Bruining (2010)
Strategic changes in family firms post management buyout: Ownership and governance issuesInternational Small Business Journal, 28
Lars Tvede (1997)
Business cycles : the business cycle problem from John Law to chaos theory
J. Davis, F. Schoorman, L. Donaldson (1997)
TOWARD A STEWARDSHIP THEORY OF MANAGEMENTAcademy of Management Review, 22
L. Naldi, M. Nordqvist, Karin Sjöberg, Johan Wiklund (2007)
Entrepreneurial Orientation, Risk Taking, and Performance in Family FirmsFamily Business Review, 20
S. Kaplan (1991)
The Staying Power of Leveraged BuyoutsChicago Booth: Michael P. Polsky Center for Entrepreneurship Research Paper Series
S. Finkelstein, Richard D'Aveni (1994)
CEO Duality as a Double-Edged Sword: How Boards of Directors Balance Entrenchment Avoidance and Unity of CommandAcademy of Management Journal, 37
Robert Gertner, S. Kaplan (1996)
The Value Maximizing Board
M. Lubatkin, W. Schulze, Yan Ling, Richard Dino (2005)
The Effects of Parental Altruism on the Governance of Family-Managed FirmsJournal of Organizational Behavior, 26
R. Gulati (2007)
Is Slack Good or Bad for Innovation ?
F. Richardson, Gregory Kane, Patricia Lobingier (1998)
The Impact of Recession on the Prediction of Corporate FailureJournal of Business Finance & Accounting, 25
Reginald Litz (1995)
The Family Business: Toward Definitional ClarityFamily Business Review, 8
Shehzad Mian, J. Rosenfeld (1993)
Takeover activity and the long-run performance of reverse leveraged buyoutsFinancial Management, 22
H. Manne (1965)
Mergers and the Market for Corporate ControlJournal of Political Economy, 73
F. Machlup (1978)
THEORIES OF THE FIRM: MARGINALIST, BEHAVIORAL, MANAGERIAL
Michael Braun, Scott Latham (2009)
When the big “R” hits home: governance in family firms during economic recessionJournal of Strategy and Management, 2
V. Zarnowitz
Theory and history behind business cycles: are the 1990s the onset of a golden age? (in Symposium: Business Cycles)
Justin Tan, Mike Peng (2003)
Organizational Slack and Firm Performance During Economic Transitions: Two Studies from an Emerging Economy
J. Pfeffer (1981)
Management as symbolic action: the creation and maintenance of organizational paradigms
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to compare the governance structures of two distinctive governance forms: the family firm and the leveraged buyout (LBO). The paper also explores the relative performance of these two organizational forms over the course of the economic business cycle. Design/methodology/approach – The paper provides a theoretical treatment of the family firm and the LBO using the stewardship perspective and agency theory. The analysis anticipates the board structure for each organizational form and relates family firm and LBO governance to performance over the business cycle. Findings – From a conceptual treatment, the family‐owned concern exhibits board characteristics reflecting the longer‐term orientation of the firm, with boards empowered to include non‐economic, as well as economic, goals. LBOs are structured to maximize shareholder value over a shorter time horizon. LBOs may take advantage of expansionary environments whereas family firms may be better prepared for economic down‐cycles. Research limitations/implications – The paper takes a holistic approach to contrasting two organizational forms that fit their respective theoretical frames and compares some of their more salient governance characteristics and performance over the business cycle. Practical implications – Managers and boards can structure governance to manage the business cycle. Stakeholders can selectively engage firms that portray vital governance characteristics for their benefit and may also pressure boards and top management to make necessary governance improvements. Originality/value – The paper offers an introductory comparison between family firms and LBOs in terms of governance and managing the firm over the business cycle. This paper makes the case that some organizational forms are better suited to certain types of economic climates.
Journal of Family Business Management – Emerald Publishing
Published: Sep 30, 2011
Keywords: Family firms; Leveraged buyouts; Governance; Business cycles; Boards of directors; Economic conditions
Read and print from thousands of top scholarly journals.
Already have an account? Log in
Bookmark this article. You can see your Bookmarks on your DeepDyve Library.
To save an article, log in first, or sign up for a DeepDyve account if you don’t already have one.
Copy and paste the desired citation format or use the link below to download a file formatted for EndNote
Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
All DeepDyve websites use cookies to improve your online experience. They were placed on your computer when you launched this website. You can change your cookie settings through your browser.