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Face-to-face, online or HyFlex instruction? The effects of self-directed learning on stress reduction and student satisfaction among emerging adults

Face-to-face, online or HyFlex instruction? The effects of self-directed learning on stress... The outbreak of COVID-19 significantly disrupted educational activities and forced universities to rapidly transition from the traditional face-to-face (F2F) environment to online learning formats. The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of self-directed learning (SDL) on three instructional modalities (F2F, online and HyFlex) among emerging adults. The authors propose that class interaction enjoyment serves as a channel to understand how SDL relates to students’ satisfaction and stress reduction.Design/methodology/approachAn online survey was distributed to the emerging adults, aged 18–25, at six universities across five different US states. Construct validity and reliability were tested by using confirmatory factor analysis. The moderated mediation relationship was examined by calculating the indirect effects of each course delivery format.FindingsThe results show that the positive indirect effect of SDL on stress reduction via interaction enjoyment was stronger for F2F classes. In addition, the positive indirect effect of SDL on class satisfaction via interaction enjoyment was stronger for HyFlex classes.Originality/valueThis literature has shown contradictory results: the effects of SDL on student satisfaction and stress reduction prove to be sometimes positive, sometimes non-significant. To better understand this relationship, the authors aim at a mediating variable – enjoyment of class interaction – as a mechanism, and a moderating variable – the instructional modality – as a boundary condition. This research contributes to emerging adults learning literature by involving the interplay among SDL, enjoyment of class interaction and the instructional modality. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Journal ofinternational Education in Business Emerald Publishing

Face-to-face, online or HyFlex instruction? The effects of self-directed learning on stress reduction and student satisfaction among emerging adults

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References (81)

Publisher
Emerald Publishing
Copyright
© Emerald Publishing Limited
ISSN
2046-469X
eISSN
1836-3261
DOI
10.1108/jieb-09-2023-0064
Publisher site
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Abstract

The outbreak of COVID-19 significantly disrupted educational activities and forced universities to rapidly transition from the traditional face-to-face (F2F) environment to online learning formats. The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of self-directed learning (SDL) on three instructional modalities (F2F, online and HyFlex) among emerging adults. The authors propose that class interaction enjoyment serves as a channel to understand how SDL relates to students’ satisfaction and stress reduction.Design/methodology/approachAn online survey was distributed to the emerging adults, aged 18–25, at six universities across five different US states. Construct validity and reliability were tested by using confirmatory factor analysis. The moderated mediation relationship was examined by calculating the indirect effects of each course delivery format.FindingsThe results show that the positive indirect effect of SDL on stress reduction via interaction enjoyment was stronger for F2F classes. In addition, the positive indirect effect of SDL on class satisfaction via interaction enjoyment was stronger for HyFlex classes.Originality/valueThis literature has shown contradictory results: the effects of SDL on student satisfaction and stress reduction prove to be sometimes positive, sometimes non-significant. To better understand this relationship, the authors aim at a mediating variable – enjoyment of class interaction – as a mechanism, and a moderating variable – the instructional modality – as a boundary condition. This research contributes to emerging adults learning literature by involving the interplay among SDL, enjoyment of class interaction and the instructional modality.

Journal

Journal ofinternational Education in Business – Emerald Publishing

Published: Oct 9, 2024

Keywords: Self-directed learning; Stress reduction; Student satisfaction; Enjoyment of class interaction; Instructional modality; COVID-19 pandemic; Emerging adulthood

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