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Distribution of adjacent prime numbers in the Ulam spiral

Distribution of adjacent prime numbers in the Ulam spiral The distribution of natural numbers in the Ulam spiral manifests a series of unexpected regularities of the elusive prime numbers. Their sequencing remains a topic of research interest, with many ramifications in different branches of Mathematics, especially in number theory and the prime factorisation problem. Accordingly, the focus of the research is on the most known and widespread asymmetric cryptographic system, that is, the RSA encryption.Design/methodology/approachThis paper presents the presence of one, two, three or four adjacencies for the diverse primes that appear in a spiral, considering the Hardy–Littlewood twin prime conjecture and the constellations of primes.FindingsThrough equations, the calculation formulas of primes inside a spiral that have one to four primes in their adjacent places is offered, with approximate expressions that facilitate the operations, showing that the adjacencies decrease very rapidly as the spiral progresses, although without disappearing.Originality/valueA generalisation to cases in which the distances to the prime values change in an ascending way in accordance with the step of the Ulam spiral is offered. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Engineering Computations: International Journal for Computer-Aided Engineering and Software Emerald Publishing

Distribution of adjacent prime numbers in the Ulam spiral

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References (16)

Publisher
Emerald Publishing
Copyright
© Emerald Publishing Limited
ISSN
0264-4401
DOI
10.1108/ec-09-2019-0402
Publisher site
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Abstract

The distribution of natural numbers in the Ulam spiral manifests a series of unexpected regularities of the elusive prime numbers. Their sequencing remains a topic of research interest, with many ramifications in different branches of Mathematics, especially in number theory and the prime factorisation problem. Accordingly, the focus of the research is on the most known and widespread asymmetric cryptographic system, that is, the RSA encryption.Design/methodology/approachThis paper presents the presence of one, two, three or four adjacencies for the diverse primes that appear in a spiral, considering the Hardy–Littlewood twin prime conjecture and the constellations of primes.FindingsThrough equations, the calculation formulas of primes inside a spiral that have one to four primes in their adjacent places is offered, with approximate expressions that facilitate the operations, showing that the adjacencies decrease very rapidly as the spiral progresses, although without disappearing.Originality/valueA generalisation to cases in which the distances to the prime values change in an ascending way in accordance with the step of the Ulam spiral is offered.

Journal

Engineering Computations: International Journal for Computer-Aided Engineering and Software – Emerald Publishing

Published: Jun 17, 2021

Keywords: Distribution of primes; K-tuples of primes; Twin primes; Ulam spiral; 11Y11; 11Y55

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