Get 20M+ Full-Text Papers For Less Than $1.50/day. Start a 14-Day Trial for You or Your Team.

Learn More →

Cis-normativity at work: exploring discrimination against US trans workers

Cis-normativity at work: exploring discrimination against US trans workers This study aims to examine how gender variation in trans identities shape exposure to bias and discrimination. The authors then examine how trans identities intersect with race/ethnicity, education and social class to shape exposure risk to bias, discrimination and harassment in the workplace.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use data from the 2015 U.S. Transgender Survey with 24,391 trans-identified respondents. To account for the nested nature of trans people in state contexts, the authors use two-level logistic multilevel models. The authors are guided by Puwar’s bodies out of place as the theoretical grounding for this study.FindingsThe authors find significant differences in how trans women and men experience discrimination. The authors also find differences in race, education and social class. Finally, the presence of anti-discrimination policies presents mixed results.Originality/valueThe authors’ analysis reveals important differences in trans workers’ exposure to discrimination based on gender identity, social class, race/ethnicity and policy context, and draws upon a rich and large data set. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Gender in Management: An International Journal Emerald Publishing

Cis-normativity at work: exploring discrimination against US trans workers

Download PDF
16 pages

Loading next page...
 
/lp/emerald-publishing/cis-normativity-at-work-exploring-discrimination-against-us-trans-cqPvIv8Mif
Publisher
Emerald Publishing
Copyright
© Emerald Publishing Limited
ISSN
1754-2413
eISSN
1754-2413
DOI
10.1108/gm-06-2020-0201
Publisher site
See Article on Publisher Site

Abstract

This study aims to examine how gender variation in trans identities shape exposure to bias and discrimination. The authors then examine how trans identities intersect with race/ethnicity, education and social class to shape exposure risk to bias, discrimination and harassment in the workplace.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use data from the 2015 U.S. Transgender Survey with 24,391 trans-identified respondents. To account for the nested nature of trans people in state contexts, the authors use two-level logistic multilevel models. The authors are guided by Puwar’s bodies out of place as the theoretical grounding for this study.FindingsThe authors find significant differences in how trans women and men experience discrimination. The authors also find differences in race, education and social class. Finally, the presence of anti-discrimination policies presents mixed results.Originality/valueThe authors’ analysis reveals important differences in trans workers’ exposure to discrimination based on gender identity, social class, race/ethnicity and policy context, and draws upon a rich and large data set.

Journal

Gender in Management: An International Journal – Emerald Publishing

Published: Aug 16, 2022

Keywords: Transgender; Multilevel logistic regression; Workplace discrimination; US Transgender Survey; USTS; Workplace bias

References

  • Inequality regimes: gender, class and race in organizations
    Acker, J.
  • Bias in the workplace: consistent evidence of sexual orientation and gender identity discrimination
    Badgett, M.V.; Lau, H.; Sears, B.; Ho, D.
  • Supreme court says gay, transgender workers protected by federal law forbidding discrimination
    Barnes, R.
  • Promoting the underlying principle of acceptance: the effectiveness of sexual orientation employment antidiscrimination legislation
    Barron, L.G.
  • The force of law: the effects of sexual orientation antidiscrimination legislation on interpersonal discrimination in employment
    Barron, L.G.; Hebl, M.
  • ‘I don’t think this is theoretical, this is our lives’: how erasure impacts health care for transgender people
    Bauer, G.; Hammond, R.; Travers, R.; Kaay, M.; Hohenadel, K.; Boyce, M.
  • Inequality in organizations: stereotyping, discrimination and labor law exclusions
    Berry, D.; Bell, M.
  • Discrimination in the United States: experiences of black Americans
    Bleich, S.N.; Findling, M.G.; Casey, L.S.; Blendon, R.J.; Benson, J.M.; SteelFisher, G.K.; Miller, C.
  • Mental health of transgender veterans in US states with and without discrimination and hate crime legal protection
    Blosnich, J.R.; Marsiglio, M.C.; Gao, S.; Gordon, A.J.; Shipherd, J.C.; Kauth, M.; Brown, G.R.
  • The real record on racial attitudes
    Bobo, L.; Charles, C.; Krysan, M.; Simmons, A.; Marsden, P.
  • Experiences of transgender-related discrimination and implications for health: results from the virginia transgender health initiative study
    Bradford, J.; Reisner, S.L.; Honnold, J.A.; Xavier, J.
  • Voiced from beyond: a thematic content analysis of transgender employees’ workplace experiences
    Brewster, M.; Velez, B.; Mennicke, A.; Tebbe, E.
  • Transgender emotional and coping processes: facilitative and avoidant coping throughout gender transitioning
    Budge, S.; Katz-Wise, S.; Tebbe, E.; Howard, K.; Schneider, C.; Rodriguez, A.
  • Transgender status, gender identity, and socioeconomic outcomes in the United States
    Carpenter, C.; Eppink, S.; Gonzales, G.
  • LGBT workplace inequality in the federal workforce: intersectional processes, organizational contexts and turnover considerations
    Cech, E.; Rothwell, W.
  • Transgender labour market outcomes: evidence from the United States
    Ciprikis, K.; Cassells, D.; Berrill, J.
  • The power of one or power in numbers? Analyzing the effect of minority leaders on diversity policy and practice
    Cook, A.; Glass, C.
  • Mapping the margins: intersectionality, identity politics and violence against women of color
    Crenshaw, K.
  • Gender inequality: nonbinary transgender people in the workplace
    Davidson, S.
  • Gender identity issues and workplace discrimination: the transgender experience
    Dietert, M.; Dentice, D.
  • How gender and race stereotypes impact the advancement of scholars in STEM: professors’ biased evaluations of physics and biology post-doctoral candidates
    Eaton, A.; Saunders, J.; Jacobson, R.; West, K.
  • H.R. 2015, H.R. 3685
  • H.R. 3017, H.R. 2981, S. 1584
  • Discrimination in the United States: experiences of Latinos
    Findling, M.G.; Bleich, S.N.; Casey, L.S.; Blendon, R.J.; Benson, J.M.; Sayde, J.M.; Miller, C.
  • The effects of state and local anti-discrimination policies on the earnings of gays and lesbians
    Flatt, V.B.; Klawitter, M.M.
  • Effects of state nondiscrimination laws on transgender and gender-nonconforming individuals' perceived community stigma and mental health
    Gleason, H.A.; Livingston, N.A.; Peters, M.M.; Oost, K.M.; Reely, E.; Cochran, B.N.
  • Perceptions and behaviors of Hispanic workers: a review
    Guerrero, L.; Posthuma, R.
  • Intersectional sensibilities in analyzing inequality regimes in public sector organizations
    Healy, G.; Bradley, H.; Forson, C.
  • The development and validation of the genderism and transphobia scale
    Hill, D.; Willoughby, B.
  • 2015 U.S. transgender survey (USTS)
    James, S.E.; Herman, J.; Keisling, M.; Mottet, L.; Anafi, M.
  • Stereotypes of Latinos and whites: do they guide evaluations in diverse work groups?
    Jimeno-Ingrum, D.; Berdahl, J.; Lucero; Wagoner, B.
  • The social and economic imperative of LGBT-supportive organizational policies
    King, E.B.; Cortina, J.
  • Intersexuality and trans-identities within the diversity management discourse
    Köllen, T.; Köllen, T
  • Racial discrimination in the labor market: theory and empirics
    Lang, K.; Lehmann, J.Y.
  • Cisgenderism
    Lennon, E.; Mistler, B.
  • The labor force status of transgender men and women
    Leppel, K.
  • Can an agentic black woman get ahead? The impact of race and interpersonal dominance on perceptions of women leaders
    Livingston, R.W.; Rosette, A.S.; Washington, E.F.
  • Gender violence: transgender experiences with violence and discrimination
    Lombardi, E.; Wilchins, R.; Priesing, D.; Malouf, D.
  • The time is now: Attention increases to transgender health in the U.S. but scientific gaps remain
    MacCarthy, S.; Reisner, S.; Nunn, A.; Perez-Brumer, A.; Operario, D.
  • Barriers to employers in developing lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender-friendly workplaces
    Metcalf, H.; Rolfe, H.
  • Transphobia in the workplace: a qualitative study of employment stigma
    Mizock, L.; Riley, J.; Yuen, N.; Woodrum, T.; Sotilleo, E.; Ormerod, A.
  • Social support, exposure to violence and transphobia, and correlates of depression among man-to-women transgender women with a history of sex work
    Nemoto, T.; Bodeker, B.; Iwamoto, M.
  • Microaggressions
    Nordmarken, S.
  • Discrimination, women and work: processes and variations by race and class
    Ortiz, S.; Roscigno, V.
  • Career issues and workplace considerations for the transsexual community: bridging a gap of knowledge for career counselors and mental health care providers
    Pepper, S.; Lorah, P.
  • Worker outcomes of LGBT-supportive policies: a cross-level model
    Pichler, S.; Ruggs, E.; Trau, R.
  • The sound of silence: LGBT discrimination in ‘inclusive organizations
    Priola, V.; Lasio, D.; De Simone, S.; Serri, F.
  • Meta-analysis of field experiments shows no change in racial discrimination in hiring over time
    Quillian, L.; Pager, D.; Hexel, O.; Midtboen, A.
  • Two sides of the same coin: gender harassment and heterosexist harassment in LGBQ work lives
    Rabelo, V.C.; Cortina, L.M.
  • Pink triangles: antecedents and consequences of perceived workplace discrimination against gay and lesbian employees
    Ragins, B.R.; Cornwell, J.M.
  • A theory of racialized organizations
    Ray, V.
  • Intersecting cultural beliefs in social relations: gender, race and class binds and freedoms
    Ridgeway, C.; Kricheli-Katz, T.
  • Intersectionality: connecting experiences of gender with race at work
    Rosette, A.S.; Ponce de Leon, R.; Zhou Koval, C.; Harrison, D.
  • Workplace ‘trans’-actions: how organizations, coworkers, and individual openness influence perceived gender identity discrimination
    Ruggs, E.; Martinez, L.; Hebl, M.; Law, C.
  • Just one of the guys? How trans men make gender visible at work
    Schilt, K.
  • Do workplace gender transitions make gender trouble?
    Schilt, K.; Connell, C.
  • Before and after: gender transitions, human capital and workplace experiences
    Schilt, K.; Wiswall, M.
  • Economic motives for adopting LGBT-related workplace policies
    Sears, B.; Mallory, C.; Hunter, N.
  • ‘Yeah, I could hire this one but I know it’s gonna be a problem’: how race, nativity and gender affect employers’ perceptions of the manageability of job seekers
    Shih, J.
  • Fixed and random effects
    Snijders, T.A.B.; Everitt, B.S.; Howell, D.C.
  • Employment discrimination and HIV stigma: survey results from civil society organisations and people living with HIV in Africa
    Sprague, L.; Simon, S.; Sprague, C.
  • QuickFacts: United States (Population estimates, July 1, 2019, V2019)
  • What you should know: myths and facts about the federal sector EEO process
  • A defining moment in civil rights history?
    Vitulli, E.
  • Doing gender, determining gender: transgender people, gender panics and the maintenance of the sex/gender/sexuality system
    Westbrook, L.; Schilt, K.
  • The impact of discrimination on the mental health of trans*women youth and the protective effect of parental support
    Wilson, E.; Chen, Y.; Arayasirikul, S.
  • Cisgendered organizations: trans women and inequality in the workplace
    Yavorsky, J.