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G. Frankel (1984)
Nordic Female EntrepreneursEquality, Diversity and Inclusion, 3
James Carland, F. Hoy, W. Boulton, Joann Carland (1984)
Differentiating Entrepreneurs from Small Business Owners: A ConceptualizationAcademy of Management Review, 9
Selfemployment makes an important contribution to a nationseconomy, women are turning to it in increasing numbers but still facehurdles in their quest for independence, autonomy and job satisfaction.An Australian survey by questionnaire commissioned in Sydney by the NewSouth Wales Womens Advisory Council of 357 selfemployed womenrevealed that they faced three types of barriers entry, operational andpersonal. Entry barriers revolved around confidence to start thebusiness, necessary startup finance, and adequate sources of assistanceand advice. Operational barriers concerned finance, lack of assistanceand advice, lack of skills in marketing and finance, and assistance indeveloping business. Personal problems were sense of isolation, lack ofmentors, tutors or counsellors, need for support of other businessesespecially suppliers and colleagues, managing a home and a business,selfmanagement, and child care. Recommendations are made for a phasedsystem of support services related to style, stage and needs ofindividual small business proprietors.
Women in Management Review – Emerald Publishing
Published: Jun 1, 1991
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