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possibilities for producing reliable data that can be used by local energy counselors. Annika Carlsson-Kanyama, Rebecka Engstr¨ m, and Rixt Kok o Keywords household energy demand consumption patterns direct ...
currently contributes to more than 50 of the total primary residential energy consumption. In contrast with direct energy saving options, reducing the indirect energy use involves households only in a minor ...
of sustainable household consumption patterns. Household metabolism is determined in terms of total energy requirements , including both direct and indirect energy requirements , using a hybrid method. This method ...
(nonpotable or indirect potable) can reduce the energy consumption and intensity of water management in LA. Further advanced water treatment for direct potable reuse could increase energy needs. In aggregate ...
the energy required to produce the goods and services consumed by households , the indirect or embodied energy use, and associated emissions ( Hertwich 2005 ). Thus, when investigating household environmental ...
higher than those originating from direct sources [3]. There has been a surge of recent research interest in both direct and indirect household energy consumption [4, 5] concerned with calculating ...
as the energy required to produce the automobile a use so much energy no matter how wealthy the household drives or the energy required to supply household . the electricity consumed by the ...
economy. First, a measure of the energy intensity of activities is derived by relating consumer time use and the required direct and indirect energy requirements . Second, the results include a decomposition ...
on the properties of urban ecosystems. For example, direct resource consumption by households accounts for 40% of U.S. energy use; in the Twin Cities of Minnesota, households account for 75â80% ...
living standards. As Iran gradually turns into a consumer society, households have an enormous influence on the direct use of energy and related CO2 emissions as well as through indirect use, as embodied ...
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