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p53 form, which is able to bind p53RE2 of the ITGA1 promoter , is phosphorylated at S392 (Fig 4A). It has previously been shown that the double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase PKR directly ...
and mitochondrial glucose oxidation. Fenofibrate also led to significantly increased tyrosine phosphorylation of the insulin receptor and IRS-1 in muscle tissue after hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp when compared ...
treatment activated ERK-Mnk and mTOR pathways, and consequently eIF4E/S209 phosphorylation , it failed to induce phospho-eIF2α/S51 and reporter translation, thus pinpointing a crucial determinant in stress ...
cells exhibit an activated unfolded protein response and PKR and markedly increased DNA damage and apoptosis caused by dysregulation of TDP-43 localization and formation of cytotoxic inclusions. TDP-43 ...
, Yenush L, Davis R, White MF. The c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase promotes insulin resistance during association with insulin receptor substrate-1 and phosphorylation of Ser(307). J Biol Chem 2000 ; 275 : 9047 ...
., 2002). Recently, we have observed that both double-stranded RNA activated protein kinase ( PKR ) (Zhou and Pestka, 2003a) and Src-family tyrosine kinases (Zhou and Pestka, 2005) are essential upstream ...
of insulin . However, under intolerable ER stress, IRE1 can activate an apoptotic pathway (Figure 1). This occurs when IRE1 recruits the protein TRAF2 and phosphorylates JNK, which is responsible ...
the messenger RNA (mRNA) expressions of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, JAK1–2, STAT1–3, and suppressors of cytokine signaling members and activated the tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT1 ...
upregulation of insulin -like growth factor 1 (IGF1) (Salmon and Daughaday, 1957) and other binding partners essential for postnatal growth and development (Baker et al., 1993). Treatment with proinflammatory ...
in their activation loop to achieve maximum enzymatic activity. The relevant region contains a Thr-X-Tyr motif, where both threonine and tyrosine must be phosphorylated for activation. X denotes Pro, Glu and Gly ...
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