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and exist as anions . Since the equilibrium potential for organic acid anions (as well as inorganic anions ) is much more positive than that of the resting membrane potential in root cells, activation (i.e ...
, Neupert W , Nussberger S . The TOM core complex: the general protein import pore of the outer membrane of mitochondria . J Cell Biol 147 : 959 – 968 , 1999 . OpenUrl Abstract / FREE Full Text 16 ...
, and sulfur are macronutrients that are required for plant growth and reproduction. These elements are present in the soil solution as organic and inorganic forms, including the anionic species nitrate ...
) . Equimolarity (%) . Contribution to equimolarity (%) . Cations . Anions . Inorganic anions . Organic moleculesa . SO42–+PO43– . NO– . Cl– . BS 1.76±0.05 b 0.58±0.09 b 32.6±4.4 b 67.4±4.4 a 14.3±0.9 b 17.1±3.4 ...
exchange is a vital activity for higher plants that take up atmospheric CO2 and release oxygen and water vapor through epidermal stomatal pores . Gas exchange affects CO2 uptake, photosynthesis, and biomass ...
are adopted. For instance, the United Nations have called for a 50% increase in global food production by 2030, and the World Health Organization has called for a doubling of food production by 2050 to meet ...
mainly through the stomatal pores at the leaf surface. The size of the stomatal aperture is tightly regulated to optimize gas exchanges between the leaf inner tissues and the atmosphere, including CO2 ...
(298.8 K). Leaf turgor pressure (Ψt) was estimated using the following equation (Ueda et al., 2003): Ψt=Ψw–Ψs. The Ψs values of inorganic and organic solutes (calculated osmotic potential, COP) were ...
. They are water-selective channels and permeable to water but not to small organic and inorganic molecules. AQP6 presents unusual gating properties and anion conductance that may transport chloride at low pH (Yasui ...
driving force of pollen cells must be the plasma membrane which is subject to combined osmotic and hydrostatic forces driving water through the water- filled core of a channel which would serve ...
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