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(9), the heating rate, |$\cal {H}$|, and the cooling rate, |$\cal {L}$|, are obtained by solving the radiative transfer of ionizing photons and the chemical reactions regarding primordial gas ...
. Scannapieco & Brüggen 2015). 3.1 The role of thermal conduction Thermal conduction is a key mechanism to consider in the interaction between different gas phases because it allows for transfer of heat from ...
for the rate at which mass is exchanged between the phases. In contrast, fronts heated by streaming CRs locked to the gas are modelled as a lower order system, and can have a range of mass fluxes. In Sections ...
substantially differ from standard scenarios. Energy transfer by Lyα photons emerging from galaxies may heat intergalactic gas if H ii regions within galaxies are recombination bound, or cool the gas faster than ...
mass , Mmin, in this exercise, has been varied between 0.2 and 6 M⊙ for the three choices of initial gas density. This was done to merely keep the number of gas particles, Ngas, within manageable limits ...
. These simulations explicitly treat the multiphase ISM with heating and cooling physics from gas at a range of temperatures |$T\sim 10\!-\!10^{10}\,$| K, star formation restricted only to self-gravitating, self ...
ln T < 2), in particular below the soft X-ray regime, where line cooling becomes dominant (Λhot ∝ T−1). Between 200 K < T < 104.2 K, the gas is dominated in mass by the neutral phase, mainly neutral ...
been performed. The hierarchical cluster analyses heat map was calculated using Euclidean distance and Ward’s linkage. Changes between two groups of samples were calculated with unpaired fold change (FC ...
), the internal microbiome (Fig 4B) and hyperparasitoid preference in a two -chamber olfactometer setup (S5 Fig). The relationship between the caterpillar microbiome and odours was found to be significant for both ...
. In this process, the gas is shock heated to the virial temperature of the DM haloes, and subsequently cools down and settles in galaxies, where it is partially transformed into stars (White & Rees 1978 ...
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