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The equivocality of dose – response relationships has, in practice, hampered the application of biomarkers as a means to evaluate environmental risk, yet this important issue has not yet been fully ...
used ecotoxicity tests that cause suffering to vertebrates. In the present context a biomarker is a biologic response to an environmental chemical at the individual level or below which demonstrates ...
and environmental managing policies. In this study three indexes, the integrated biomarker response index (IBR), the bioeffects assessment index (BAI) and principal components analysis (PCA), were evaluated ...
cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) and gut microbiome analysis were evaluated to identify early and more sensitive pollution biomarkers . Four sub-lethal Cu concentrations were studied, and the results ...
the ecotoxicity of OMW-amended soils (10%, 20%, 40% and 80% w/w) combining earthworm biomarker responses and soil enzyme activities. The doses of 40% and 80% were toxic to earthworms, as evidenced by the high ...
. Kavlock, C.A. Kimmel, and E.M. Faustman. 1994 . Dose - response assessment for developmental toxicity. II. Comparison of generic benchmark dose estimates with no observed adverse effect levels. Fund. Appl ...
. Based on the bioassay results an environmental risk assessment was performed and compared to risk assessment results based on chemical analytical data. This presents a re- evaluation of data from Munz ...
–Armitage28 and Jonckheere trend tests29 (e.g. recommended in ecotoxicology11). Therefore, trend tests are needed which are sensitive to any shapes of the dose – response relationships and take the comparison ...
of the dose - response relationship. The paradigm has now become entrenched in regulatory practice worldwide and provides a disciplined basis for the assessment of risks associated with the use, and misuse ...
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