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- Publisher
- Ecological Society of America
- Copyright
- Copyright © 2008 by the Ecological Society of America
- Subject
- Articles
- ISSN
- 0012-9658
- DOI
- 10.1890/06-2023.1
- Publisher site
- See Article on Publisher Site
Abstract
Darwin's meticulous observations on the function of floral shape led to his famous prediction of a long-tongued pollinator, which he believed to be the evolutionary trigger for the long-spurred flowers of the Madagascar star orchid. Although tubular flowers are common, long tubes or spurs are an exception, suggesting that selection maintaining short flowers is widespread. Using the butterfly-pollinated carnation Dianthus carthusianorum and two butterfly species differing in proboscis length ( Melanargia galathea and Inachis io ) as model organisms, we experimentally demonstrate a reduction in pollinator efficiency with an increasing difference between proboscis length and floral tube length. Such a relationship is a prerequisite for the evolution of floral shape in response to pollinator morphology.
Journal
Ecology – Ecological Society of America
Published: Sep 1, 2008
Keywords: butterfly pollination ; coevolution ; Dianthus carthusianorum ; generalization ; Inachis io L. ; mechanical fit ; Melanargia galathea L. ; pollination efficiency ; pollinator effectiveness ; pollinator-mediated selection ; proboscis length ; specialization