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Tom Like primeval men, we are a gang of murderers. â â igmundâFreud,ââReflections on War and Deathâ âS However much Freud regretted the anxieties with which society burdens its members, he also believed that presocial humans were guilt-free homicidal maniacs and that therefore a guilt-ridden social order is preferable to no social order at all. The overview of Freudâs social psychology given in the preceding sentence is based largely on standard readings of CivilizationâandâItsâDiscontents (1930), and it is worth testing them against a less famous and even less hopeful essay of his, âReflections on War and Death.â1 Writing in 1915 during World War I, Freud The author wishes to thank Bettine Menke, Holt Meyer, and the Literaturwissenschaft Colloquium at Erfurt University, Germany, where an earlier version of this essay was presented. 1. Sigmund Freud, âZeitgemässes über Tod und Kriegâ (1915), in FragenâderâGesellschaft,âUrsprüngeâderâReligion, vol. 9 of Studienausgabe (Vienna: Siebte Auflage, 1994). References in English are to Freud, âReflections on War and Death,â trans. Ethel Colburn Mayne, in Characterâandâ Culture (New York: Collier, 1963). A related statement on war is contained in Freudâs letter exchange of 1932 with Albert Einstein. (For Freudâs answer to Einstein, see Studienausgabe, 9:275â86.) Of this
Common Knowledge – Duke University Press
Published: Apr 1, 2006
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