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Allan Metcalf (2002)
Predicting New Words: The Secrets of Their Success
Allan Metcalf (1999)
The World in So Many Words: A Country-by-Country Tour of Words That Have Shaped Our Language
G. Tucker (2001)
English with an Accent: Language, Ideology, and Discrimination in the United States: Lippi-GreenJournal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 22
Rosina Lippi-Green (1997)
English with an Accent: Language, Ideology and Discrimination in the United States
H. Kurath, R. Mcdavid (1963)
The pronunciation of English in the Atlantic States : based upon the collections of the linguistic atlas of the Eastern United StatesLanguage, 39
Allan Metcalf, David Barnhart (1997)
America in So Many Words: Words That Have Shaped America
(1996)
Written and directed by Billy Bob Thornton
(1951)
Written by Tennessee Williams and adapted by Oscar Saul
C. Carver (1987)
American Regional Dialects: A Word Geography
lowing principally the 1993 revision of the International Phonetic Alphabet, which is reproduced in appendix B of the text. While detailed phonetic representations are included in the discussion, phonemic representations are used in the plots. The phonemic representations are arbitrary symbols, notes the author, which represent a set of historically related variants and should not be construed as phonological representations connected to a particular phonological theory. Rather than indicating all tokens for a particular speaker, the vowel plots indicate the mean value of tokens measured for each vowel by a ï¬lled square. Representing mean values rather than all individual tokens, Thomas argues, makes it possible for the glide trajectory of diphthongs to be clearly indicated in the plot. As he notes, detailed information on glides of diphthongs, âneglected in past sociophonetic studies,â is âvital to understanding dialectal variation and sound changeâ (8). Information on standard deviation for each vowel is not included. The authorâs rationale for these decisions, and its drawbacks, is addressed below. Approximately 150â200 vowels, selected from reading passages and casual conversation, were measured for each speaker, using median linear predictive (LPC) values and harmonic estimation methods on a variety of equipment. Chapter 2, âVowel Variants
American Speech: A Quarterly of Linguistic Usage – Duke University Press
Published: Sep 1, 2004
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