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The European project is undergoing a radical change in © 2006 by Duke University Press Public Culture would it be desirable to draw boundaries between different communities marked by race, ethnicity, or religion. Yet anxiety is growing among both Muslims and Europeans about a perceived breakdown of boundaries, a loss of identity that accompanies the dynamics of this encounter and is leading to the reinforcement of national and religious identities. In France, the idea of maintaining boundaries and defending national identity became particularly pronounced in a series of public debates over the past decade. Opposition to the Iraq war, criticisms of American policies, the status of the Islamic head scarf in public schools, and Turkish membership in the European Union all provoked changes in the self-presentation of Europe as well as its representation of the other. The dissension around the Iraq war brought to light a fracture within the West, enhancing a definition of European values and politics opposed to the American quest for global hegemony. An anti-American attitude became part of the self-presentation of the French public and gave impetus to the mobilization of peace movements as a distinctive feature of European values. Perhaps no other social
Public Culture – Duke University Press
Published: Jan 1, 2006
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