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STAGE·SPECIFIC GENE EXPRESSION DURING ADIPOCYTE DEVELOMENT .. ABSTRACf Cell culture models (e.g. 3T3-L1 cells) have been developed for studying the process of adipocyte differentiation. Differentiation can be induced by adding insulin-like growth factor I, glucocorticoid, fatty acids, and an agent that increases intracellular cAMP level. The adipocyte differentiation program is regulated by transcriptional activators such as CCAAT/enhancer binding pro teina (CIEBPa), peroxisomal proliferator activated receptor y2 (PPARy2), fatty acid activated receptor (FAAR), and transcriptional repressors such as preadipocyte repressor element binding protein (PRE) and CIEBP undifferen tiated protein (CUP). These transcription factors coordinate the expression of genes involved in creating and maintaining the adipocyte phenotype including the insulin-responsive glucose transporter (GLUT4), stearoyl CoA desaturase 1 (SCDl), and the fatty acid binding protein (4 2 21aP2). PERSPECTIVES AND SUMMARY Adipocytes serve an important function in the energy economy of vertebrate organisms by providing a massive energy reserve that can be mobilized upon demand. Thus, when caloric intake exceeds expenditure, metabolic flux is directed into pathways leading to triacylglycerol synthesis for storage in the adipocyte. Conversely, when caloric expenditure exceeds intake, this energy reserve is mobilized to meet the deficiency and to provide needed physiological fuel, i.e. free fatty acids,
Annual Review of Biochemistry – Annual Reviews
Published: Jul 1, 1995
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