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Anion–Cation Cooperative Catalysis by Ionic Liquids

Anion–Cation Cooperative Catalysis by Ionic Liquids The cooperative effects of cation–anion are elucidated in ionic liquid‐catalyzed reactions of aniline with ethylene carbonate and the reaction of phenylacetonitrile with dimethyl carbonate. Cations of ionic liquids activate electrophiles by the proton in the 2‐position of the imidazolium ring through the hydrogen‐bond interaction with the carbonyl group. The catalytic activity follows the order of 1‐butyl‐3‐methyl‐imidazolium ([Bmim])>1,2‐dimethyl‐3‐butyl imidazolium ([Bmmim])>1‐butyl‐pyridinium ([Bpy]), which is consistent with the order of the hydrogen bond donor ability. Simultaneously, anions of ionic liquids activate nucleophiles by accepting the hydrogen bond. The catalytic activity of imidazolium‐based ionic liquids follows the order Cl>Br>BF4>PF6>C(CN)2COOEt≈NTf2>BPh4, which is consistent with the order of the hydrogen bond acceptor ability. The dual activation of nucleophiles and electrophiles by the cations and anions of ionic liquids is crucial to promote the reaction in high yields. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png ChemCatChem Wiley

Anion–Cation Cooperative Catalysis by Ionic Liquids

ChemCatChem , Volume 3 (8) – Aug 8, 2011

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References (44)

Publisher
Wiley
Copyright
"Copyright © 2011 Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company"
ISSN
1867-3880
eISSN
1867-3899
DOI
10.1002/cctc.201100016
Publisher site
See Article on Publisher Site

Abstract

The cooperative effects of cation–anion are elucidated in ionic liquid‐catalyzed reactions of aniline with ethylene carbonate and the reaction of phenylacetonitrile with dimethyl carbonate. Cations of ionic liquids activate electrophiles by the proton in the 2‐position of the imidazolium ring through the hydrogen‐bond interaction with the carbonyl group. The catalytic activity follows the order of 1‐butyl‐3‐methyl‐imidazolium ([Bmim])>1,2‐dimethyl‐3‐butyl imidazolium ([Bmmim])>1‐butyl‐pyridinium ([Bpy]), which is consistent with the order of the hydrogen bond donor ability. Simultaneously, anions of ionic liquids activate nucleophiles by accepting the hydrogen bond. The catalytic activity of imidazolium‐based ionic liquids follows the order Cl>Br>BF4>PF6>C(CN)2COOEt≈NTf2>BPh4, which is consistent with the order of the hydrogen bond acceptor ability. The dual activation of nucleophiles and electrophiles by the cations and anions of ionic liquids is crucial to promote the reaction in high yields.

Journal

ChemCatChemWiley

Published: Aug 8, 2011

Keywords: ; ; ;

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