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J. Forsythe (1984)
Octopus joubini (Mollusca: Cephalopoda): a detailed study of growth through the full life cycle in a closed seawater systemJournal of Zoology, 202
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First success in rearing hatchlings of the squid Lo%opM/ci Lesueur 1821
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NOT TO BE CITED WITHOUT PRIOR REFERENCE TO THE AUTHORS International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
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Culture of California market squid from hatching — completion of the rearing cycle to second generation hatchlings
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Laboratory culture and estimated life span of the Eastern Atlantic squid Loligo forbesi (Mollusca: Cephalopoda)Aquaculture and Fisheries Management, 20
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Growth , behavior and sexual maturation of the market squid , Lotigo opalescens , cultured through the life cycle , fishery Bulletin
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Comparisons between cephalopods and fish of those aspects of the biology related to stock management
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R. Hanlon, W. Yang, P. Turk, P. Lee, R. Hixon (1989)
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(1980)
The biology and population dynamics of ihe squids, Loligo pealei (LeSueur) ond IUcx illeccbrosus (LeSueur), from the Northwest Atlantic
Abstract. Loligo forbesi Steenstrup is a commercially and biomedically important species raneing from Scotland to North Africa and from the Azores Islands in the central Atlantic east through the Mediterranean Sea and Red Sea. Eggs were collected from Plymouth. England and from the Azores and the hatchlings were reared to adult size in recirculating seawater systems. Growth data were obtained primarily from mortalities during the course of three culture experiments which lasted 360, 240 and 480 days. Loligo forbesi hatched at a size of 5–9mg (3.0–4.6mm mantle length, ML) and grew to a maximum size of 124g (155 mm ML) in 413 days. In all experiments, growth was exponential in form for at least the first 3 months at rales of 5.8, 5.1 and 3.6% body weight per day (BW/d) at mean temperatures of 14.1, 14.0 and 13.1°C respectively. In one short‐term experiment, month‐old squids grew at 8.0% BW/d at 17.4°C. Growth beyond 3 months was slower and either logarithmic (as described by the power function) or exponential in form. Growth rates gradually declined to 1–2% BW/d, Analyses of mantle length growth confirmed the wet weight results. There was no evidence of sexual dimorphism in the laboratory populations, which were of small size, and the length‐weight (L‐W) relationships were found to be similar to those of field populations. Growth rates during the exponential growth phase appeared very sensitive to temperature, with a 1°C difference changing growth rate by 2% BW/d and producing a three‐fold difference in weight at 90 days post‐hatching. These dramatic effects of temperature on adult size and lifespan in nature are discussed. It is hypothesized that the small size of mature laboratory‐reared squids was due to low culture temperatures during the first 3 months.
Aquaculture Research – Wiley
Published: Jan 1, 1989
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