Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
H. Birks (1990)
The Cultural Landscape: Past, Present and Future
J. Cole (1994)
The geography of the European Community
Z. Naveh, P. Kutiel (1991)
The Earth in Transition: Changes in the Mediterranean Vegetation of Israel in Response to Human Habitation and Land Use
(1986)
The breeding ecology of woodpeckers in a temperate primaeval forest-preliminary data
A. Greller, J. Perlin (1993)
A Forest Journey: The Role of Wood in the Development of Civilization.Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club, 120
(1989)
Economic backwardness in eastern Europe in light of developments in the West
(1990)
Changes in vegetation in the Mediterranean basin in response to human habitation. Pages 259-300 in G. Woodwell, editor. The impoverishment of the biosphere
A. Roux, Broadus Mitchell (1976)
European Historical Statistics, 1750-1970.The Statistician, 32
Åke Berg, B. Ehnström, L. Gustafsson, T. Hallingbäck, M. Jonsell, J. Weslien (1994)
Threatened Plant, Animal, and Fungus Species in Swedish Forests: Distribution and Habitat AssociationsConservation Biology, 8
J. Thirgood (1989)
Man's impact on the forests of Europe, 4
P. Angelstam, G. Mikusiński (1994)
Woodpecker assemblages in natural and managed boreal and hemiboreal forest: a reviewAnnales Zoologici Fennici, 31
S. Hurlbert (1971)
The Nonconcept of Species Diversity: A Critique and Alternative Parameters.Ecology, 52 4
(1983)
Man's impact upon flora and vegetation in Central Europe. Pages 277-286 in
A. Magurran (1990)
Ecological Diversity and Its MeasurementBiometrics, 46
(1990)
Factors determining the composition and persistence of local woodpecker assemblages in taiga forest in Sweden : a case for landscape ecological studies
D. Western (1992)
The biodiversity crisis: a challenge for biologyOikos, 63
L. Batten (1972)
Breeding Bird Species Diversity in Relation to Increasing UrbanisationBird Study, 19
A. Zalewski (1994)
A comparative study of breeding bird populations and associated landscape character, Toruń, PolandLandscape and Urban Planning, 29
(1993)
Space, time, and man as determinants of diversity of birds and mammals in the Mediterranean region. Pages 135-146 in
McNeely McNeely (1994)
Lessons from the past: forests and biodiversityBiodiversity and Conservation, 3
S. Nilsson, O. Sallnaes, P. Duinker (1992)
Future Forest Resources of Western and Eastern Europe
(1995)
Vitryggig hackspett Dendrocopos leucotos: biotopval och sårbarhetsanalys
(1990)
Woodpeckers : a world perspective and conservation concerns
B. Berglund, Mats Riddersporre (1993)
The cultural landscape during 6000 years in southern Sweden : the Ystad projectJournal of Ecology, 81
J. Platt (1964)
Strong Inference: Certain systematic methods of scientific thinking may produce much more rapid progress than others.Science, 146 3642
P. Dolman (1996)
Birds in Europe: Their conservation status
Blondel Blondel, Farré Farré (1988)
The convergent trajectories of bird communities along ecological successions in European forestsOecologia, 75
H. Southern, S. Cramp (1986)
The Birds of the Western Palaearctic. Vol. IV. Terns to WoodpeckersJournal of Animal Ecology, 55
J. Kostrowicki (1991)
Trends in the Transformation of European Agriculture
R. Peet (1974)
The Measurement of Species DiversityAnnual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, 5
B. Huntley, H. Birks (1984)
An Atlas of Past and Present Pollen Maps for Europe
Raimo Virkkala, Tapio Alanko, T. Laine, J. Tiainen (1993)
Population contraction of the white-backed woodpecker Dendrocopos leucotos in Finland as a consequence of habitat alterationBiological Conservation, 66
(1993)
Mac Globe. Version 1. 5. 0
D. Forester, Gary Machlist (1996)
Modeling Human Factors That Affect the Loss of BiodiversityConservation Biology, 10
L. Balčiauskas, E. Budrys (1997)
THE BIODIVERSITY DATABASE IN LITHUANIA—DISTRIBUTIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONSActa Zoologica Lituanica, 7
M. Baguette, B. Deceuninck, Y. Muller (1994)
Effect of Spruce Afforestation On Bird Community Dynamics in a Native Broad-leaved Forest AreaActa Oecologica-international Journal of Ecology, 15
M. Monkoonen, D. Welsh (1994)
A biogeographical hypothesis on the effects of human caused landscape changes on the forest bird communities of Europe and North AmericaAnnales Zoologici Fennici, 31
(1990)
The influence of forest management on woodpecker density and habitat use in floodplain forests of the Upper Rhine Valley
Albrecht (1991)
The importance of dead wood in the forestFortswissenschaftliches Centralblatt, 110
A. Fitter, O. Polunin, M. Walters (1985)
A Guide To The Vegetation Of Britain And Europe
(1989)
Agrarian systems of central and eastern Europe. Pages 53-91 in D. Chirot, editor. The origins of backwardness in eastern Europe
W. Rostow (1960)
The Stages of Economic Growth
F. Vuilleumier (1987)
An atlas of past and Present Pollen Maps for Europe: 0-13000 Years AgoThe Auk, 104
L. Taylor, R. O’Connor, M. Shrubb (1987)
Farming and Birds
S. Beissinger, D. Osborne (1982)
Effects of Urbanization on Avian Community OrganizationThe Condor, 84
P. Angelstam (1996)
The ghost of forest past — natural disturbance regimes as a basis for reconstruction of biologically diverse forests in Europe
C. Pigott, J. Thirgood (1981)
Man and the Mediterranean Forest. A History of Resource Depletion.Journal of Ecology, 70
J. Etherington, H. Ellenberg, G. Strutt (1989)
Vegetation Ecology of Central Europe.Journal of Ecology, 77
S. Nilsson, O. Sallnaes, M. Hugosson, A. Shvidenko (1992)
The forest resources of the former European USSR.
G. Jahn (1991)
Temperature deciduous forests of EuropeEcosystems of the world, 7
J. Fjeldså (1995)
Have Ornithologists "Slept during Class"? On the Response of Ornithology to the "Biodiversity Crisis" and "Biodiversity Convention"Journal of Avian Biology, 26
D. Stanners, P. Bourdeau (1995)
Europe's environment : the Dobrís assessment
(1957)
Det levande landskapet i Sverige. Bokskogen, Göteborg
Z. Naveh, Arthur Lieberman (1983)
LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY: THEORY AND APPLICATIONLandscape Journal, 4
A. Froment (1990)
The Cultural Landscape: Past, Present and FutureBiochemical Systematics and Ecology, 18
(1982)
Die Spechte im Nationalpark Bayerischer Wald. Schriftenreihe des Bayerischen Staatsministeriums für Ernährung, Landwirtschaft und Forsten, Heft 9
K. Ingham, Ne Lawler, G. Arnold, M. Legassick, Luling (1991)
Britannica Book of the Year
(1997)
European woodpeckers and anthropogenic habitat change
Prins Prins, Korotkov Korotkov (1994)
The forest sector of economies in transition in Central and Eastern EuropeUnasylva, 179
J. Jokimaki, J. Suhonen (1993)
Effects of urbanization on the breeding bird species richness in Finland: a biogeographical comparisonOrnis Fennica, 70
(1996)
Analysis of current land reform in Russia and its' consequences. Laboratory of Ecological Designs, Socio-Ecological Union
Balciauskas Balciauskas, Angelstam Angelstam (1993)
Ecological diversity: to manage it or to restore?Acta Ornithologica Lithuanica, 7‐8
H. Wichmann (1952)
Een niew broedgeval van de Middelste Bonte Specht, Dendrocopus m. medius (L.)Ardea, 40
(1982)
Occurrence of Grey - headed Woodpecker in Netherlands
P. Angelstam, P. Majewski, Søren Bondrup-Nielsen (1995)
West-east cooperation in Europe for sustainable boreal forestsWater, Air, and Soil Pollution, 82
(1990)
The birds of Poland. Their distribution and abundance
G. Mikusiński (1995)
Population trends in black woodpecker in relation to changes and characteristics of European forestsEcography, 18
(1958)
De Middelste Bonte Specht, Dendrocopos medius (L.) in Delden
(1984)
Ecology of an isolated population of the middle spotted woodpecker, Dendrocopos medius in the extinction phase
R. Dodgshon, B. Berglund (1992)
The Cultural Landscape during 6000 Years in Southern Sweden: The Ystad ProjectGeografiska Annaler Series B-human Geography, 74
(1947)
On the history of the distribution of the genus Dendrocopos
E. Hohtola (1978)
Differential Changes in Bird Community Structure with Urbanisation: A Study in Central FinlandOrnis scandinavica, 9
(1989)
Ecological methodology
A. Carlson, Gustaf Aulén (1992)
Territorial dynamics in an isolated white-backed woodpecker (Dendrocopos leucotos) populationConservation Biology, 6
(1967)
Danish breeding birds: past and present
To understand the complex mechanisms behind the recent biodiversity decline, it is necessary to complement traditional biological and ecological studies with studies of the economic, historic, and social contexts related to biodiversity loss. We used the completeness of the woodpecker guild as a biodiversity indicator to test the hypothesis that forest biodiversity in Europe is inversely related to the degree of urban‐economic development. We related woodpecker diversity to several socioeconomic indices in 20 central European countries where the basic physiogeographic conditions are similar. As predicted, woodpecker diversity was low in highly developed countries with a long history of intensive land use, whereas in less‐developed, peripheral countries, the woodpecker diversity was much higher and no species had been lost. The negative correlation between the degree of urbanization and woodpecker diversity was interpreted as a causal link between neotechnological landscape degradation and the decline of biodiversity. We discuss, and reject, alternative hypotheses related to the slow postglacial dispersal of species and climatic differences between western and eastern Europe that might explain the observed pattern of woodpecker diversity. The relative importance of particular woodpecker species for the level of woodpecker diversity shows that species depending on naturally dynamic temperate forests are particularly sensitive to anthropogenic changes. Finally, we stress the importance of holistic studies on biodiversity, including ecological, geographical, and social issues, and we encourage specialists and practitioners from different disciplines to examine the European east‐west gradient to learn how to avoid the same biodiversity loss in the East that has afflicted the West. Geografía Económica, Distribución Forestal y Diversidad de Pájaros Carpinteros en Europa Central Para entender los complejos mecanismos detrás del reciente declive de la biodiversidad, es necesario complementar estudios biológicos tradicionales con estudios del contexto económico, histórico y social relacionado con la pérdida de la biodiversidad. Utilizamos el gremio de los pájaros carpinteros como un indicador de la biodiversidad, para evaluar la hipótesis de que la biodiversidad forestal en Europa esta inversamente relacionada con el grado de desarrollo urbano‐económico. Relacionamos la diversidad de los pájaros carpinteros con diversos índices socio‐económicos de países de Europa central donde las condiciones fisiogeográficas básicas son similares. A como se había predecido, la diversidad de pájaros carpinteros fue baja en países altamente desarrollados con una larga historia de uso intensivo del suelo, mientras que en países pariféricos, menos desarrollados, los pájaros carpinteros tuviéron una diversidad mucho mayor y sin pérdida de especies. La correlación negativa entre el grado de urbanización y la diversidad de pájaros carpinteros fue interpretada como un vínculo causal entre la degradación neo‐tecnológica del paisaje y la disminución de la diversidad. Discutimos y rechazamos la hipótesis alternativa relativa a la dispersión postglacial lenta de especies y diferencias climáticas entre Europa Oriental y Occidental la cual podría explicar el patrón observado en la diversidad de pájaros carpinteros. La importancia relativa de especies particulares de pájaros carpinteros para el nivel de diversidad, muestra que las especies dependientes de bosque templados dinámicos son particularmente sensitivas a cambios antropogénicos. Finalmente, resaltamos la importancia de estudios holísticos de biodiversidad incluyendo aspectos ecológicos, geográficos y sociales y motivando a especialistas y practicantes de diversas disciplinas a examiner el gradiente este‐oeste europeo para aprender como evitar en el este las mismas pérdidas en la biodiversidas que han afligido el oeste.
Conservation Biology – Wiley
Published: Feb 1, 1998
Read and print from thousands of top scholarly journals.
Already have an account? Log in
Bookmark this article. You can see your Bookmarks on your DeepDyve Library.
To save an article, log in first, or sign up for a DeepDyve account if you don’t already have one.
Copy and paste the desired citation format or use the link below to download a file formatted for EndNote
Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
All DeepDyve websites use cookies to improve your online experience. They were placed on your computer when you launched this website. You can change your cookie settings through your browser.