Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
E. Ziegel (2002)
Generalized Linear ModelsTechnometrics, 44
T. Booth, H. Nix, M. Hutchinson, Tom Jovanic (1988)
Niche analysis and tree species introductionForest Ecology and Management, 23
E. Heegaard (1997)
Ecology of Andreaea in western NorwayJournal of Bryology, 19
R. Brown, T. Hastie, R. Tibshirani (1991)
Generalized Additive Models.Biometrics, 47
S. Kessell (1979)
Adaptation and Dimorphism in Eastern Hemlock, Tsuga canadensis (L.) CarrThe American Naturalist, 113
H. Shugart (1998)
Terrestrial Ecosystems in Changing Environments
B. Huntley, P. Berry, W. Cramer, A. McDonald (1995)
Special Paper: Modelling Present and Potential Future Ranges of Some European Higher Plants Using Climate Response SurfacesJournal of Biogeography, 22
A. Davis, L. Jenkinson, J. Lawton, B. Shorrocks, S. Wood (1998)
Making mistakes when predicting shifts in species range in response to global warmingNature, 391
J. Hamrick, Y. Linhart, J. Mitton (1979)
Relationships Between Life History Characteristics and Electrophoretically Detectable Genetic Variation in PlantsAnnual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, 10
(1998)
Seasonal variation of temperature lapse rate (°C/1000 metre) for Nepal. HMG Department of Hydrology and Meteorology
Austin Austin, Austin Austin (1980)
Behaviour of experimental plant communities along an environmental gradientJournal of Ecology, 68
Huntley Huntley, Berry Berry, Cramer Cramer, McDonalds McDonalds (1995)
Modelling present and potential future ranges of some European higher plants using climate response surfaceJournal of Biogeography, 22
A. Prinzing (2001)
The niche of higher plants: evidence for phylogenetic conservatismProceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, 268
T. Yee, N. Mitchell (1991)
Generalized additive models in plant ecologyJournal of Vegetation Science, 2
F. Woodward, Brian Williams (1987)
Climate and plant distribution at global and local scalesVegetatio, 69
R. Macarthur (1974)
Mathematical Ecology and Its Place among the Sciences. (Book Reviews: Geographical Ecology. Patterns in the Distribution of Species)Science
J. Lenihan (1993)
Ecological response surfaces for North American boreal tree species and their use in forest classificationJournal of Vegetation Science, 4
G. Bonan, L. Sirois (1992)
Air temperature, tree growth, and the northern and southern range limits to Picea marianaJournal of Vegetation Science, 3
(1975)
/76) Wo liegen die Grenzen der Kulturareale von Pflanzen?
M. Sykes, I. Prentice, W. Cramer (1996)
The effects of fragmentation and disturbance of rainforest on ground‐dwelling small mammals on the Robertson Plateau, New South Wales, AustraliaJournal of Biogeography
C. Pigott, J. Huntley (1981)
FACTORS CONTROLLING THE DISTRIBUTION OF TILIA CORDATA AT THE NORTHERN LIMITS OF ITS GEOGRAPHICAL RANGE III. NATURE AND CAUSES OF SEED STERILITYNew Phytologist, 87
C. Cox, Peter Moore (1973)
Biogeography: An Ecological and Evolutionary Approach
Loehle Loehle, LeBlanc LeBlanc (1996)
Model‐based assessment of climate change effects on forest: a critical reviewEcological Modelling, 90
(1973)
Air temperature and growth of radiata pine seedlings
(1997)
The encyclopaedia of Rhododendron species
(1953)
Physiologisches und ökologische Verhalten derselben Pflanzenarten
Sykes Sykes, Prentice Prentice, Cramer Cramer (1996)
A bioclimatic model for the potential distribution of north European trees under present and future climatesJournal of Biogeography, 23
D. Kreulen, H. Walter, S. Breckle (1986)
Ecological Systems of the Geobiosphere: Volume 2: Tropical and Subtropical Zonobiomes
A. Sakai, C. Weiser (1973)
Freezing Resistance of Trees in North America with Reference to Tree RegionsEcology, 54
M. Austin, R. Groves, L. Fresco, P. Kaye (1985)
RELATIVE GROWTH OF SIX THISTLE SPECIES ALONG A NUTRIENT GRADIENT WITH MULTISPECIES COMPETITIONJournal of Ecology, 73
M. Korzukhin, A. Rubinina, G. Bonan, A. Solomon, M. Antonovsky (1989)
The Silvics of Some East European and Siberian Boreal Forest Tree Species
G. Wickens (1987)
Ecological Systems of the Geobiosphere. 2. Tropical and Subtropical ZonobiomesJournal of Arid Environments
H.Jochen Schenk (1996)
Modeling the effects of temperature on growth and persistence of tree species: A critical review of tree population modelsEcological Modelling, 92
J. Dobremez (1976)
Le Népal : écologie et biogéographie
M. Austin, A. Nicholls, M. Doherty, Jacqui Meyers (1994)
Determining species response functions to an environmental gradient by means of a β‐functionJournal of Vegetation Science, 5
L. Holdridge, W. Grenke (1971)
Forest environments in tropical life zones: a pilot study.
(1978)
Discrepancy between ecological and physiological optima of plant species. A Reinterpretation
R. Schmid, O. Polunin, A. Stainton (1985)
Flowers of the HimalayaKew Bulletin, 41
M. Austin, A. Nicholls, C. Margules (1990)
Measurement of the realized qualitative niche: environmental niches of five Eucalyptus speciesEcological Monographs, 60
D. Knight, D. Mueller‐Dombois, H. Ellenberg (1974)
Aims and Methods of Vegetation EcologyBioScience
M. Flannigan, F. Woodward (1994)
Red pine abundance: current climatic control and responses to future warmingCanadian Journal of Forest Research, 24
M. Austin (1982)
USE OF A RELATIVE PHYSIOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE VALUE IN THE PREDICTION OF PERFORMANCE IN MULTISPECIES MIXTURES FROM MONOCULTURE PERFORMANCEJournal of Ecology, 70
(1975)
Wo liegen die Grenzen der Kulturareale von Pflanzen? Möglichkeiten der Beobachtung in Botanischen Gärten
O. Vetaas (2000)
Comparing species temperature response curves: population density versus second‐hand dataJournal of Vegetation Science, 11
(1993)
Anonymous (1995) Snow and glacier hydrology section, Year Books. HMG Department of Hydrology and Meteorology-Hydrology Division
R. Hengeveld (1997)
Impact of biogeography on a population‐biological paradigm shiftJournal of Biogeography, 24
(1982)
Revision of Rhododendron II – subgenus Hymenanthes
M. Austin, A. Nicholls (1997)
To fix or not to fix the species limits, that is the ecological question: Response to Jari OksanenJournal of Vegetation Science, 8
F. Woodward (1990)
The impact of low temperatures in controlling the geographical distribution of plantsPhilosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 326
C. Cox, I. Healey, P. Moore (1977)
Biogeography: An Ecological and Evolutionary Approach.Systematic Botany, 2
T. Givnish, E. Box (2011)
Tasks for Vegetation Science I: Macroclimate and Plant Forms: An Introduction to Predictive Modeling in PhytogeographyBioScience
L. Kullman (1996)
Recent cooling and recession of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) in the forest—alpine tundra ecotone of the Swedish ScandesJournal of Biogeography, 23
Woodward Woodward (1991)
The impact of low temperatures in controlling the geographical distribution of plantsPhilosophical transaction of the Royal society of London, Series B, 326
M. Austin (1992)
Modelling the Environmental Niche of Plants: Implications for Plant Community Response to Elevated CO2 Levels.Australian Journal of Botany, 40
J. Franklin (1998)
Predicting the distribution of shrub species in southern California from climate and terrain‐derived variablesJournal of Vegetation Science, 9
M. Austin, B. Austin (1980)
BEHAVIOUR OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT COMMUNITIES ALONG A NUTRIENT GRADIENTJournal of Ecology, 68
C. Loehle, D. LeBlanc (1995)
Model-based assessments of climate change effects on forestsBulletin of The Ecological Society of America, 76
P. Minchin (1987)
An evaluation of the relative robustness of techniques for ecological ordinationVegetatio, 69
F. Woodward (1987)
Climate and plant distribution
S. Gaines, Mark Denny (1993)
The largest, smallest, highest, lowest, longest, and shortest: extremes in ecologyEcology, 74
C. Brickell (1994)
The Royal Horticultural Society gardeners' encyclopedia of plants and flowers
P. Tigerstedt (1993)
Genetic Diversity of Tree Populations at Their Arctic Limits
B. Norway (2000)
Separation of subspecies along a temperature gradient
D. Richardson, J. Mcmahon (1992)
A bioclimatic analysis of Eucalyptus nitens to identify potential planting regions in southern Africa.South African Journal of Science, 88
T. Booth (1990)
Mapping regions climatically suitable for particular tree species at the global scaleForest Ecology and Management, 36
(1972)
Coenocline simulation
T. Booth (1998)
MATCHING TREES AND SITESForestry, 71
Aim This study aims to evaluate the hypothesis that there is no difference between the realized and the ex‐situ niches of four selected Rhododendron tree species. If the hypothesis is rejected, the aim is: (1) to evaluate whether the magnitude of discrepancy between the two types of niche is related to competition or external constraint, and (2) to identify which niche dimension is expanded (cold and/or warm limits) and to discuss it in relation to the assumption behind the biogeographical projections related to global warming. Location The four target species (Rhododendron arboreum Sm., R. campanulatum D. Don, R. barbatum Wall., and R. wallichi Sm.) are common evergreen broad‐leaved trees in the central Himalayas. Their realized niches are based on data from the elevation‐temperature gradient in Nepal (1000–5000 m a.s.l.). The ex‐situ data are from botanical gardens and arboreta mainly located in the northern hemisphere (n=43). Methods Binary data on these taxa were obtained from 707 geocoded herbarium specimens (elevation and UTM location) and from two elevation transects in Nepal (n=194 plots). Climate conditions from ex‐situ locations for each taxon were compared with their realized climate ranges with respect to (i) mean annual temperature (MAT), (ii) mean minimum temperature of the coldest month (MINCM), (iii) mean maximum temperature of the warmest month (MAXWM), and (iv) moisture index (MI). Realized optima were estimated by Generalized Linear Models (GLM), and its non‐parametric extension, Generalized Additive Models (GAM), were used to estimate the realized niches. Results All target species have ex‐situ individuals outside the realized climate niche, but the number is much higher for maximum and minimum variables than for MAT. The most dominant species (in‐situ), R. arboreum, had very few individuals outside its realized range, indicating congruence between its ex‐situ and realized niches. The other taxa had many individuals outside the warm end of their realized temperature ranges, but almost none beyond the cold end of their ranges. All target taxa occur in common gardens under warm temperate conditions, but only R. arboreum grows in the warm temperate zone in the Himalayas. This trend at the warm end of the gradient is interpreted as a result of biotic exclusion. Main conclusion The results demonstrate that an extreme cold temperature may represent an absolute boundary for tree species' survival, whereas warm temperatures do not. This is in agreement with the hypothesis that several tree species may survive global warming in‐situ because of high temperature tolerance, but its effect on regeneration is uncertain. In lieu of this there may be a significant time lag between change in climate and transient tree species distribution. Thus the effect of global warming on tree species distribution may be very difficult to predict.
Journal of Biogeography – Wiley
Published: Apr 1, 2002
Read and print from thousands of top scholarly journals.
Already have an account? Log in
Bookmark this article. You can see your Bookmarks on your DeepDyve Library.
To save an article, log in first, or sign up for a DeepDyve account if you don’t already have one.
Copy and paste the desired citation format or use the link below to download a file formatted for EndNote
Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
All DeepDyve websites use cookies to improve your online experience. They were placed on your computer when you launched this website. You can change your cookie settings through your browser.