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(1980)
Two mutually exclusive hypotheses about second language ability: Indivisible or partially divisible competence
J. Alderson (1980)
NATIVE AND NONNATIVE SPEAKER PERFORMANCE ON CLOZE TESTS1Language Learning, 30
J. Oller, C. Conrad (1971)
The Cloze Technique and ESL Proficiency.Language Learning, 21
J. Weaver (1979)
Language tests at school
Lyle Bachman, A. Palmer (1981)
THE CONSTRUCT VALIDATION OF THE FSI ORAL INTERVIEW1Language Learning, 31
P. Bentler, D. Bonett (1980)
Significance Tests and Goodness of Fit in the Analysis of Covariance StructuresPsychological Bulletin, 88
J. Alderson (1979)
THE CLOZE PROCEDURE AND PROFICIENCY IN ENGLISH AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGETESOL Quarterly, 13
(1980)
Is language ability divisible or unitary? : A factor analysis of 22 English language proficiency
J. Carroll (1945)
The effect of difficulty and chance success on correlations between items or between testsPsychometrika, 10
H. Jorstad, John Carroll (1977)
French in Eight Countries@@@The Teaching of French as a Foreign Language in Eight CountriesThe Modern Language Journal, 61
Mary Chavez‐Oller, T. Chihara, Kelley Weaver, J. Oller (1977)
WHEN ARE CLOZE ITEMS SENSITIVE TO CONSTRAINTS ACROSS SENTENCESLanguage Learning, 35
K. Jöreskog (1978)
Structural analysis of covariance and correlation matricesPsychometrika, 43
M. Tatsuoka, F. Lord, M. Novick, A. Birnbaum (1971)
Statistical Theories of Mental Test Scores.Journal of the American Statistical Association, 66
F. Ohnmacht, W. Weaver, E. Kohler (1970)
Cloze and closure: a factorial study.The Journal of psychology, 74 2
John Carroll (1967)
THE FOREIGN LANGUAGE ATTAINMENTS OF LANGUAGE MAJORS IN THE SENIOR YEAR--A SURVEY CONDUCTED IN U.S. COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES.
Weaver Weaver, Kingston Kingston (1963)
A factor analysis of the cloze procedure and other measures of reading and language abilityThe Journal of Communication, 13
K. Jöreskog (1969)
A general approach to confirmatory maximum likelihood factor analysisPsychometrika, 34
(1963)
Cloze and dictation tasks as predictors of intelligence and achievement scores
Dominance Testing, J. Oller, K. Perkins (1980)
Research in Language Testing
P. Horst (1965)
Factor analysis of data matrices
J. Oller, K. Perkins (1979)
Language in Education: Testing the Tests.The Modern Language Journal, 63
J. Carroll (1961)
The nature of the data, or how to choose a correlation coefficientPsychometrika, 26
M. Halliday, R. Hasan (1976)
Cohesion in English
Jöreskog Jöreskog (1971)
Simultaneous factor analysis in several populationsPsychometrika, 36
Although there is considerable evidence supporting the predictive validity of cloze tests, recent research into the construct validity of cloze tests has produced differing results. Chihara et al. (1977) concluded that cloze tests are sensitive to discourse constraints across sentences, while Alderson (1979) concluded that cloze tests measure only lower‐order skills. Anderson (1980) has concluded that Cloze tests measure sensitivity to both cohesive relationships and sentence‐level syntax. Factor analytic studies (Weaver and Kingston 1963, Ohnmacht et al. 1970) have identified several factors in cloze and other language tests and suggest that cloze deletions should be based on the linguistic and coherence structures of language. In the present study, the trait structure of a cloze test was examined using confirmatory factor analysis. A cloze passage with rationally selected deletions of syntactic and cohesive items was constructed and given to two groups of non‐native English speaking students entering the University of Illinois. A trait structure with three specific traits and one general trait provided the best explanation of the data. The results suggest that a modified cloze passage, using rational deletions, is capable of measuring both syntactic and discourse level relationships in a text, and that this advantage may outweigh considerations of reduced redundancy which underlie random deletion procedures.
Tesol Quarterly – Wiley
Published: Mar 1, 1982
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