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(1987)
Liquidity of Equity Options Traded on the CBOE, Analysis of the Bid-Ask Spread and the Price and Information Effects of Trading Volume.
(1986)
conjecture that a serious stock return bias can be induced by closing prices moving systematically toward bid quotes on a common information event
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Abnormal stock returns associated with media disclosures of ‘subject to’ qualified audit opinionsJournal of Accounting and Economics, 8
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find evidence that spreads are a partial explanation for the small firm effect, while Blume-Stambaugh (1983) show that bid-ask spreads can bias stock cumulative returns
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Sample criteria (5) -(7) disqualified 4, 12, and 11 events, respectively
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Possible reasons for the insignificant negative returns on the offering date for utilities are discussed later
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Josef Lakonishok, Theo Vermaelen (1986)
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We separately analyzed this subsample to ensure the empirical validity of this operating assumption. No evidence was found to invalidate the assumption
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For the full sample, the market-adjusted announcement return is -1.37 percent and is significantly less than the post-offer comparison period mean return at the 0.01 level using all of the same tests
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Market-Adjusted Average Returns for the 21-Days Surrounding the Offering Date of Seasoned Equity Issues for the Full Sample over the 1981-83 Period
Mark Grinblatt, Ronald Masulis, S. Titman (1984)
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Ashok Korwar, Ronald Masulis (1986)
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Randolph Beatty, J. Ritter (1986)
INVESTMENT BANKING, REPUTATION, AND THE UNDERPRICING OF INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERINGS*Journal of Financial Economics, 15
Josef Lakonishok, S. Smidt (1984)
Volume and turn-of-the-year behaviorJournal of Financial Economics, 13
Not all buy orders will shift to the primary market because of possible oversubscription and longer delivery times; in the secondary market five business day delivery is normal
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Corporate Financing and Investment Decisions When Firms Have Information Investors Do Not Have.
ABSTRACT We investigate the importance of bid‐ask spread‐induced biases on event date returns as exemplified by seasoned equity offerings by NYSE listed firms. We document significant negative return biases on the offering day which explain a large portion of the negative event date return documented in the literature. Buy‐sell order flow imbalance is prominent around the offering and induces a relatively large spread bias. If order imbalances are suspected, the researcher can use returns calculated from the midpoint of the closing bid and ask quotes instead of returns calculated from closing transaction prices to avoid this return bias.
The Journal of Finance – Wiley
Published: Sep 1, 1991
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