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Abstract Prolonged strenuous exercise is followed by a temporary functional immune impairment. Low numbers of CD4 + T helper (Th) and CD8 + T cytotoxic (Tc) cells are found in the circulation. These cells can be divided according to their cytokine profile into type 1 (Th1 and Tc1), which produce interferon-γ and interleukin (IL)-2, and type 2 (Th2 and Tc2) cells, which produce IL-4. The question addressed in the present study was whether exercise affected the relative balance between the circulating levels of these cytokine-producing T cells. Nine male runners performed treadmill running for 2.5 h at 75% of maximal oxygen consumption. The intracellular expression of cytokines was detected following stimulation with ionomycin and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate in blood obtained before, during, and after exercise. The percentage of type 1 T cells in the circulation was suppressed at the end of exercise and 2 h after exercise, whereas no changes were found in the percentage of type 2 T cells. Plasma epinephrine correlated negatively with the percentage of circulating CD8 + T cells producing IL-2, whereas peak IL-6 correlated with the percentage of CD8 + IL-4-producing T cells in the circulation. Peak plasma IL-6 correlated with plasma cortisol postrunning. In conclusion, the postexercise decrease in T lymphocyte number is accompanied by a more pronounced decrease in type 1 T cells, which may be linked to high plasma epinephrine. Furthermore, IL-6 may stimulate type 2 T cells, thereby maintaining a relatively unaltered percentage of these cells in the circulation compared with total circulating lymphocyte number. interleukin-4 interleukin-2 interleukin-6 interleukin-12 interferon-γ Footnotes The study was supported by The Danish National Research Foundation (Grant 504-14) and a scholarship from The Danish Medical Research Council. Address for reprint requests and other correspondence: B. K. Pedersen, Dept. of Infectious Diseases and the Copenhagen Muscle Research Centre, Rigshospitalet 7641, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark (E-mail: bkp@rh.dk ). The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. The article must therefore be hereby marked “ advertisement ” in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact. Copyright © 2001 the American Physiological Society
Journal of Applied Physiology – The American Physiological Society
Published: Oct 1, 2001
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