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1 Some effects of fisheries on the associated biological systems are reviewed and management options and their inherent risks are considered. 2 In addition to the effects on target species, other sensitive groups impacted by fishing are considered including marine mammals, turtles, sea birds, elasmobranchs and some invertebrates with low reproductive rates. 3 Other impacts discussed include the destruction of benthic habitat, the provision of unnatural sources of food and the generation of debris. 4 Management options are considered including the designation of marine protected areas, risk aversion, and the burden of proof. 5 A balanced consideration of the risks and consequences of ‚Type 1’︁ and ‚Type II’︁ errors is advocated.
Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems – Wiley
Published: Sep 1, 1995
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