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We describe a reliable method for the identification of the species source for caviar. The assay is based on the identification of diagnostic nucleotide positions in the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene from a sequence database of 20 of 25 living sturgeon species. The collection of attribute data is polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐based and can readily identify the character states of several diagnostic nucleotide positions in the cytochrome b gene for the three main commercial species of caviar‐producing sturgeons (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii, A. stellatus, Huso huso). Over 20 individuals from each of the three species from a wide range of geographic regions were used to determine which of the potentially informative sites are diagnostic of phylogenetic lineages through use of the population aggregation analysis method. We also report results from a survey of 95 lots of commercially available caviar in the New York City area. Overall, 23% of the designations made by caviar suppliers were mislabeled with respect to species identification. Recent declines in population size of the three commercial species, combined with an increase in the demand for caviar on the international market, could have caused the observed mislabeling. Replacement of commercial species with endangered and threatened species indicates possible illegal harvest and poaching; action should be initiated to ensure the survival of all threatened Acipenseriformes. The use of our PCR assay might aid in conservation efforts in the United States and internationally. Análisis de Agregación de Poblaciones de Tres Especies de Esturiones Productoras de Caviar y sus Implicaciones en la Identificación de Especies de Caviar Negro Describimos un método confiable para la identificación de las especies fuente de caviar. La prueba se basa en la identificación de posiciones diagnóstico de nucleótidos en el gen citocromo b de una base de datos de secuencias de 20 de las 25 especies de esturiones vivientes. La colección de datos se basa en PCR y puede identificar fácilmente los estados de diversas posiciones diagnóstico de nucleótidos del gen citocromo b de las tres especies comerciales de esturiones mas importantes productoras de caviar (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii, A. stellatus y Huso huso). Cerca de 20 individuos de cada una de las tres especies provenientes de un amplio rango de regiones geográficas fueron usados para determinar cuales de los sitios potenciales de información sirven como diagnóstico de linajes filogenéticos, usando el método de análisis de agregación poblacional. Tambien reportamos resultados de un estudio de 95 lotes de cavier comercialmente disponible en el área de la ciudad de Nueva York. Alrededor de un 23% de las designaciones realizadas por los proveedores de caviar estuvieron mal etiquetadas con respecto a la identificación de especies. Recientes disminuciones en los tamaños poblacionales de las tres especies comerciales combinadas con un incremento en la demanda de caviar en el mercado internacional han causado la mala etiquetación observada. La renovación de especies comerciales por especies en peligro o amenazadas es un indicativo de la posible cosecha y sacrificio ilegal, se deberán iniciar acciones para asegurar la supervivencia de todos los Ascipensiformes amenazados. El uso de nuestro análisis de PCR podría contribuir con los esfuerzos de conservación en los Estados Unidos e internacionalmente.
Conservation Biology – Wiley
Published: Aug 24, 1998
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