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The glacial mid‐depth radiocarbon bulge and its implications for the overturning circulation

The glacial mid‐depth radiocarbon bulge and its implications for the overturning circulation Published reconstructions of radiocarbon in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean indicate that there is a mid‐depth maximum in radiocarbon age during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). This is in contrast to the modern ocean where intense mixing between water masses results in a relatively homogenous radiocarbon profile. Ferrari et al. (2014) suggested that the extended Antarctic sea ice cover during the LGM necessitated a shallower boundary between the upper and lower branches of the meridional overturning circulation. This shoaled boundary lay above major topographic features associated with strong diapycnal mixing, isolating dense southern sourced water in the lower branch of the overturning circulation. This isolation would have allowed radiocarbon to decay and thus provides a possible explanation for the mid‐depth radiocarbon age bulge. We test this hypothesis using an idealized, 2‐D, residual‐mean dynamical model of the global overturning circulation. Concentration distributions of a decaying tracer that is advected by the simulated overturning are compared to published radiocarbon data. We find that a 600 km (~5° of latitude) increase in sea ice extent shoals the boundary between the upper and lower branches of the overturning circulation at 45°S by 600 m and shoals the depth of North Atlantic Deep Water convection at 50°N by 2500 m. This change in circulation configuration alone decreases the radiocarbon content in the mid‐depth South Atlantic at 45°S by 40‰, even without an increase in surface radiocarbon age in the source region of deep waters during the LGM. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology Wiley

The glacial mid‐depth radiocarbon bulge and its implications for the overturning circulation

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References (87)

Publisher
Wiley
Copyright
©2015. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.
ISSN
0883-8305
eISSN
2572-4525
DOI
10.1002/2015PA002778
Publisher site
See Article on Publisher Site

Abstract

Published reconstructions of radiocarbon in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean indicate that there is a mid‐depth maximum in radiocarbon age during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). This is in contrast to the modern ocean where intense mixing between water masses results in a relatively homogenous radiocarbon profile. Ferrari et al. (2014) suggested that the extended Antarctic sea ice cover during the LGM necessitated a shallower boundary between the upper and lower branches of the meridional overturning circulation. This shoaled boundary lay above major topographic features associated with strong diapycnal mixing, isolating dense southern sourced water in the lower branch of the overturning circulation. This isolation would have allowed radiocarbon to decay and thus provides a possible explanation for the mid‐depth radiocarbon age bulge. We test this hypothesis using an idealized, 2‐D, residual‐mean dynamical model of the global overturning circulation. Concentration distributions of a decaying tracer that is advected by the simulated overturning are compared to published radiocarbon data. We find that a 600 km (~5° of latitude) increase in sea ice extent shoals the boundary between the upper and lower branches of the overturning circulation at 45°S by 600 m and shoals the depth of North Atlantic Deep Water convection at 50°N by 2500 m. This change in circulation configuration alone decreases the radiocarbon content in the mid‐depth South Atlantic at 45°S by 40‰, even without an increase in surface radiocarbon age in the source region of deep waters during the LGM.

Journal

Paleoceanography and PaleoclimatologyWiley

Published: Jul 1, 2015

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