Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
J. Sauer, D. Niven, J. Hines, David Ziolkowski, K. Pardieck, Jane Fallon, W. Link (1997)
The North American Breeding Bird Survey Results and Analysis
J. Price, S. Droege, A. Price (1995)
The Summer Atlas of North American Birds
M. Willson (1966)
Breeding Ecology of the Yellow-Headed BlackbirdEcological Monographs, 36
C. Robbins, John Sauer, R. Greenberg, S. Droege (1989)
Population declines in North American birds that migrate to the neotropics.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 86 19
Askins Askins, Lynch Lynch, Greenberg Greenberg (1990)
Population declines in migratory birds in eastern North AmericaCurrent Ornithology, 7
R. Noss (2003)
A Checklist for Wildlands Network DesignsConservation Biology, 17
B. Maurer, S. Heywood (1993)
Geographic Range Fragmentation and Abundance in Neotropical Migratory BirdsConservation Biology, 7
(1997)
Long - distance dispersal and population growth of the Yellow - headed Blackbird , Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus
R. Macarthur, E. Wilson (1969)
The Theory of Island Biogeography
(1985)
Relative nesting success of Yellow - headed and Red - winged Blackbirds
Ron Pulliam (1988)
Sources, Sinks, and Population RegulationThe American Naturalist, 132
(1890)
A day ’ s egging in an Illinois swamp
S. Forbes, R. Grosshans, B. Glassey (2002)
MULTIPLE INCENTIVES FOR PARENTAL OPTIMISM AND BROOD REDUCTION IN BLACKBIRDSEcology, 83
(2003)
Decision rules for site and territory fidelity in a migratory songbird
Henrik Andrén (1994)
Effects of habitat fragmentation on birds and mammals in landscapes with different proportions of suitable habitat: a reviewOikos, 71
C. Patterson, J. Emlen (1980)
Variation in Nestling Sex Ratios in the Yellow-Headed BlackbirdThe American Naturalist, 115
M. Villard, G. Merriam, B. Maurer (1995)
Dynamics in subdivided populations of neotropical migratory birds in a fragmented temperate forestEcology, 76
P. Stacey, M. Taper (1992)
Environmental Variation and the Persistence of Small Populations.Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America, 2 1
P. Greenwood, P. Harvey (1982)
THE NATAL AND BREEDING DISPERSAL OF BIRDSAnnual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, 13
J. Herkert, D. Reinking, D. Wiedenfeld, M. Winter, J. Zimmerman, William Jensen, E. Finck, R. Koford, D. Wolfe, S. Sherrod, M. Jenkins, J. Faaborg, S. Robinson (2003)
Effects of Prairie Fragmentation on the Nest Success of Breeding Birds in the Midcontinental United StatesConservation Biology, 17
E. Bayne, K. Hobson (2002)
ANNUAL SURVIVAL OF ADULT AMERICAN REDSTARTS AND OVENBIRDS IN THE SOUTHERN BOREAL FOREST, 114
T. Gardali, G. Ballard, N. Nur, G. Geupel (2000)
DEMOGRAPHY OF A DECLINING POPULATION OF WARBLING VIREOS IN COASTAL CALIFORNIA, 102
R. Veit (2000)
Vagrants as the Expanding Fringe of a Growing Population, 117
G. Butcher, C. Robbins, D. Bystrak, P. Geissler (1987)
The Breeding Bird Survey: Its First Fifteen Years, 1965-1979The Condor, 89
M. Brown, J. Dinsmore (1986)
Implications of Marsh Size and Isolation for Marsh Bird ManagementJournal of Wildlife Management, 50
E. Bayne, K. Hobson (2002)
APPARENT SURVIVAL OF MALE OVENBIRDS IN FRAGMENTED AND FORESTED BOREAL LANDSCAPESEcology, 83
S. Haig, D. Mehlman, L. Oring (1998)
Avian Movements and Wetland Connectivity in Landscape ConservationConservation Biology, 12
S. Tinker, H. Greenwood (1982)
INDIRECT ASSESSMENT OF AVIAN DAMAGE TO AGRICULTUREJournal of Applied Ecology, 19
R. Askins, M. Philbrick, David Sugeno (1987)
Relationship between the regional abundance of forest and the composition of forest bird communitiesBiological Conservation, 39
C. Bibby, N. Burgess, D. Hill (1992)
Bird Census Techniques
S. Robinson, F. Thompson, T. Donovan, D. Whitehead, J. Faaborg (1995)
Regional Forest Fragmentation and the Nesting Success of Migratory BirdsScience, 267
Rebecca Stewart, C. Francis, Cheryl Massey (2002)
AGE-RELATED DIFFERENTIAL TIMING OF SPRING MIGRATION WITHIN SEXES IN PASSERINES, 114
G. Graves (1997)
Geographic clines of age ratios of Black-throated Blue Warblers (Dendroica caerulescens)Ecology, 78
J. Blake (1991)
Nested Subsets and the Distribution of Birds on Isolated WoodlotsConservation Biology, 5
Jeffrey Hoover (2003)
Decision rules for site fidelity in a migratory bird
Wayne Richter (1984)
Nestling Survival and Growth in the Yellow-Headed Blackbird, Xanthocephalus XanthocephalusEcology, 65
M. Hill (2000)
Untangling Ecological ComplexityJournal of Ecology, 88
W. Searcy, K. Yasukawa (1981)
Sexual Size Dimorphism and Survival of Male and Female Blackbirds (Icteridae)The Auk, 98
(1893)
Distribution of the Yellow - headed Blackbird in Illinois
C. Patterson, W. Erckmann, G. Orians (1980)
An Experimental Study of Parental Investment and Polygyny in Male BlackbirdsThe American Naturalist, 116
E. Ford (1956)
Birds of the Chicago region
W. Searcy, K. Yasukawa (1995)
Polygyny and Sexual Selection in Red-Winged Blackbirds
M. Forbes (1994)
Natal philopatry in passerine birds: genetic or ecological influences?Behavioral Ecology, 5
O. Bray, A. Gammell, David Anderson (1979)
Survival of Yellow-Headed Blackbirds Banded in North Dakota, 50
(1978)
Temporal patterns of spring migration of Yellow - headed Blackbirds in North Dakota
C. Robbins (1979)
Effect of forest fragmentation on bird populationsThe passenger pigeon, 41
L. Beletsky, G. Orians (1994)
Site fidelity and territorial movements of males in a rapidly declining population of yellow-headed blackbirdsBehavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 34
W. Royall, J. Grazio, J. Guarino, A. Gammell (1971)
Migration of Banded Yellow-Headed BlackbirdsThe Condor, 73
Dawn Burke, E. Nol (2000)
LANDSCAPE AND FRAGMENT SIZE EFFECTS ON REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS OF FOREST‐BREEDING BIRDS IN ONTARIOEcological Applications, 10
Jeffrey Hoover (2001)
An Experimental Study of Behavioral Responses to Nest Predation and Brood Parasitism in a Migratory Songbird
Joel Budnik, M. Ryan, Frank III (2000)
DEMOGRAPHY OF BELL'S VIREOS IN MISSOURI GRASSLAND-SHRUB HABITATS, 117
T. Sordahl (1998)
The Iowa Breeding Bird Atlas Laura Spess Jackson Carol A. Thompson James J. Dinsmore Bruce L. Ehresman John Fleckenstein Robert Cecil Lisa M. Hemesath Stephen J. DinsmoreThe Auk, 115
(1969)
Distribution of the Yellow - headed Blackbird in Iowa
G. White, K. Burnham (1999)
Program MARK: survival estimation from populations of marked animalsBird Study, 46
David Enstrom (1990)
Investigations of delayed plumage maturation in the orchard oriole
(1992)
Population fluctuations in a long - distance Neotropical migrant : demographic evidence for the importance of breeding season events in the American Redstart
M. Murphy (2001)
Habitat-specific demography of a long-distance, neotropical migrant bird, the eastern kingbirdEcology, 82
Dolman Dolman, Sutherland Sutherland (1994)
The response of bird populations to habitat lossIbis, 137
B. Ambuel, S. Temple (1983)
Area-Dependent Changes in the Bird Communities and Vegetation of Southern Wisconsin ForestsEcology, 64
M. Ward (2004)
Habitat Selection by Yellow -Headed Blackbirds
Abstract: Low immigration is rarely considered a potential causal factor in the population decline of migratory birds. Because migratory songbirds exhibit low natal philopatry, however, recruitment is from outside the population. Therefore, if isolation affects immigration the geographic fragmentation of a species' range may result in population declines. I tested four hypotheses on the possible causes of population decline of an isolated population of Yellow‐headed Blackbirds (Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus) in Illinois (U.S.A.): (1) local habitat loss, (2) poor reproductive success, (3) low adult survival, and (4) low immigration. Historical accounts indicate this population has declined and become more isolated over the last century. From 1998 to 2003, I determined the population size, the annual return rate, and mean reproductive success of Yellow‐headed Blackbirds in Illinois. I also determined the amount of suitable habitat for the species in the area. Over the course of the study the population declined by 25%. Although habitat loss was likely to be responsible for the population's historical decline, currently the habitat is not saturated and many seemingly appropriate sites remain unoccupied. The reproductive success of the Illinois population is one of the highest recorded for this species. Adult survival was within the range of survival values found in other stable populations. Yellow‐headed Blackbirds, like most migratory passerines, exhibit low natal philopatry; therefore, recruitment is primarily from outside the population. Recruitment was unusually low in this population, suggesting the population's isolation on the periphery of the species' range has reduced the number of immigrants. Although individuals in the population had high survival and reproduction, the population continued to decline because of low immigration. Conventional management (i.e., restoring habitat) may not mitigate a population's decline if low immigration is responsible for the decline. Greater connectivity at a large scale may be necessary to conserve isolated populations of migratory birds.
Conservation Biology – Wiley
Published: Oct 1, 2005
Read and print from thousands of top scholarly journals.
Already have an account? Log in
Bookmark this article. You can see your Bookmarks on your DeepDyve Library.
To save an article, log in first, or sign up for a DeepDyve account if you don’t already have one.
Copy and paste the desired citation format or use the link below to download a file formatted for EndNote
Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
All DeepDyve websites use cookies to improve your online experience. They were placed on your computer when you launched this website. You can change your cookie settings through your browser.