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The phloem tissue of vascular plants transports carbohydrates produced as a result of photosynthesis, and other substances, to meristems, developing fruits, storage organs, and other sites of carbohydrate utilization. Elucida tion of the mechanism of this long-distance transport process has been one of the most challenging and continuing problems in plant physiology and a major goal of research into the structure and function of phloem since the discovery of the sieve tube by Hartig in 1860. Although this mechanism has 0066-4294/81/0601-0465$01.00 CRONSHAW not been determined unequivocally, tremendous progress has been made in recent years as can be seen by comparing the proceedings of two major international conferences, one in 1974 held at Banff in Canada (5) and the second, 5 years later at Badgrund in Germany (14). The reader is referred to the proceedings of these conferences and to other extensive reviews and texts for the older literature and for detailed considerations of the physi ology and biophysics of phloem transport (17,25, 48, 59, 64, 125, 129, 131, 150, 184, 185, 191, 206). For some years now there has been agreement on most of the major physiological parameters of phloem transport; for many plants it has been determined
Annual Review of Plant Biology – Annual Reviews
Published: Jun 1, 1981
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