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Current discussions of biodiversity frequently center on the question of species extinction, and much of conservation biology focuses on this topic. We argue that species extinction often represents the endpoint of a process of population extinctions, and that the deletion of populations over much of a species’ range is likely to be of as much or more concern than the final extinction of that species. Population extinctions often result from habitat destruction and modification, which can be widespread. The result is that species can be deleted from most of their former range but continue to persist in small refuge areas. Moreover, species additions in the form of invasive species are frequently more numerous than extinctions in any given area. Such invasions often result in dramatic changes in ecosystem structure or function and can be instrumental in hastening the extinction of native populations. We examine these premises using two examples from California and Western Australia. These two contrasting areas show broadly similar trends in species extinctions, range contractions, and invasions, and they illustrate the fact that, by concentrating on species extinctions, many of the important human effects on biodiversity can be overlooked. Ampliando el Debate sobre Extinción: Eliminación y Adición de Poblaciones en California y Australia del Oeste Discusiones recientes sobre biodiversidad frecuentemente se centran en la extinción de las especies y una buena parte de la biología de la conservación se enfoca en este tema. Nosotros argumentamos que la extinción de especies representa frecuentemente el punto final de un proceso de extinciones de poblaciones y que la desaparición de poblaciones en la mayoría del rango de una especie es probablemente tanto o mas preocupante como la extinción final de las especies. Extinciones de poblaciones constantemente resultan de la destrucción y modificación del hábitat; lo cual puedo ocurrir con una extensión amplia. El resultado es que las especies pueden ser eliminadas de la mayoría de su rango original, pero continúan persistiendo en pequeñas áreas de refugio. Mas aún, la adición de especies en forma de especies invasivas son con frecuencia mas numerosas que las extinciones en un área determinada. Estas invasiones resultan frecuentemente en cambios dramáticos en la estructura of función del ecosistema y pueden ser el instrumento acelerador de la extinción de especies nativas. Examinamos estas premisas usando los ejemplos de California y Australia del Oeste. Estas dos contrastantes áreas muestran amplias tendencias similares en la extinción de especies, contracciones en rangos de distribución e invasiones. Además ilustran el hecho de que al enfocarnos en la extinción de especies muchos de los impactos humanos importantes en la biodiversiadad pueden ser desestimados.
Conservation Biology – Wiley
Published: Apr 26, 1998
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