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L. Laikre, N. Ryman (1991)
Inbreeding Depression in a Captive Wolf (Canis lupus) PopulationConservation Biology, 5
S. Haig, J. Belthoff, D. Allen (1993)
EXAMINATION OF POPULATION STRUCTURE IN RED‐COCKADED WOODPECKERS USING DNA PROFILESEvolution, 47
P. Stangel, M. Lennartz, Michael Smith (1992)
Genetic Variation and Population Structure of Red‐cockaded WoodpeckersConservation Biology, 6
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Management Options for Preserving Genetic Diversity: Reintroduction of Guam Rails to the WildConservation Biology, 4
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Sex Ratios of Nestling and Fledgling Red-Cockaded Woodpeckers (Picoides borealis) Favor MalesThe American Naturalist, 126
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R. Conner, D. Rudolph (1991)
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Pedigree analysis by computer simulationZoo Biology, 5
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Population management: theory and practice : management of small populations
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Inbreeding and juvenile mortality in small populations of ungulatesScience, 206
C. Copeyon (1990)
A technique for constructing cavities for the red-cockaded woodpecker.Wildlife Society Bulletin, 18
P. Stacey, W. Koenig (1990)
Reproductive Sociality. (Book Reviews: Cooperative Breeding in Birds. Long-Term Studies of Ecology and Behavior.)Science
J. Walters (1990)
Cooperative Breeding in Birds: Red-cockaded Woodpeckers: a ‘primitive’ cooperative breeder
K. Ralls, J. Ballou, A. Templeton (1988)
Estimates of Lethal Equivalents and the Cost of Inbreeding in MammalsConservation Biology, 2
I. Hanski, M. Gilpin (1991)
Metapopulation dynamics: a brief his-tory and conceptual domain
R. Wayne, N. Lehman, D. Girman, P. Gogan, D. Gilbert, K. Hansen, R. Peterson, U. Seal, Andrew Eisenhawer, L. Mech, R. Krumenaker (1991)
Conservation genetics of the endangered Isle Royale gray wolfConservation Biology, 5
We performed a series of population and pedigree analyses to examine the viability of a small Red‐cockaded Woodpecker (Picoides borealis) population located at the Savannah River Site, in Barnwell and Aiken counties of South Carolina. The population’s existence and future survival are precarious. As few as four individuals, including just one breeding pair, comprised this population in 1985. Now, primarily because of experimental transformation of birds from other areas, the population has increased to 25. As of 1990, genealogy pedigree analysis showed that the respective contribution of 14 founders to the extant population has not been equal. Founder gender equivalents are low (5.4) but could reach 9.2 if poorly‐represented founders were to produce offspring. The fraction of founder gene diversity retained in the current population is 0.91. Successful recovery strategies would ensure 95% probability of population survival while maintaining 90% heterozygosity for 200 years. Viability analyses indicated that, depending on relative effects of inbreeding depression and stochastic environmental events, the Savannah River Site population has a 68–100% chance of extinction during this period. Annual translocation into the population of at least three females and two males for a 10‐year period will achieve a 96% probability of survival for 200 years. Even with translocation of numerous males and females per year (up to 50 of each), the 90% heterozygosity goal may not be achieved. We discuss recommendations for choosing individuals for translocation logistical constraints on achieving recovery objectives, and limitations of our modeling approach.
Conservation Biology – Wiley
Published: Jun 1, 1993
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