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R. Milhous (1973)
Sediment transport in a gravel-bottomed stream
I. Egiazaroff (1965)
Calculation of Nonuniform Sediment ConcentrationsJournal of Hydraulic Engineering, 91
S. Dhamotharan, Addison Wood, G. Parker, H. Stefan (1980)
BEDLOAD TRANSPORT IN A MODEL GRAVEL STREAM.
Martin Miller, I. McCave, P. Komar (1977)
Threshold of sediment motion under unidirectional currentsSedimentology, 24
P. Ackers, W. White (1973)
Sediment Transport: New Approach and AnalysisJournal of Hydraulic Engineering, 99
G. Parker, P. Klingeman (1982)
On why gravel bed streams are pavedWater Resources Research, 18
R. Folk (1974)
Petrology of Sedimentary Rocks
Brent Taylor, V. Vanoni (1972)
Temperature Effects in Low-Transport, Flat-Bed FlowsJournal of Hydraulic Engineering, 98
G. Parker (1979)
HYDRAULIC GEOMETRY OF ACTIVE GRAVEL RIVERSJournal of Hydraulic Engineering, 105
P. Wilcock (1988)
Methods for Estimating the Critical Shear Stress of Individual Fractions in Mixed-Size SedimentWater Resources Research, 24
R. Misri, R. Garde, K. Raju (1984)
Bed Load Transport of Coarse Nonuniform SedimentJournal of Hydraulic Engineering, 110
Nils Meland, John Norrman (1969)
TRANSPORT VELOCITIES OF INDIVIDUAL SIZE FRACTIONS IN HETEROGENEOUS BED LOADGeografiska Annaler Series A-physical Geography, 51
Robert Miller, R. Byrne (1966)
THE ANGLE OF REPOSE FOR A SINGLE GRAIN ON A FIXED ROUGH BEDSedimentology, 6
P. Wiberg, J. Smith (1987)
Calculations of the critical shear stress for motion of uniform and heterogeneous sedimentsWater Resources Research, 23
P. Wilcock (1987)
Bed-load transport of mixed-size sediment
A. Shields (1936)
Application of similarity principles and turbulence research to bed-load movement
(1957)
Transport of graded gravel bed material, in Grin'el-Bed
V. Vanoni, N. Brooks (1957)
Laboratory studies of the roughness and suspended load of alluvial streams
P. Carling (1983)
Threshold of coarse sediment transport in broad and narrow natural streamsEarth Surface Processes and Landforms, 8
F. Hammond, A. Heathershaw, D. Langhorne (1984)
A comparison between Shields' threshold criterion and the movement of loosely packed gravel in a tidal channelSedimentology, 31
T. Day (1980)
A study of the transport of graded sediments
G. Parker, P. Klingeman, D. McLean (1983)
Bedload and Size Distribution in Paved Gravel-Bed StreamsJournal of Hydraulic Engineering, 108
E. Andrews (1983)
Entrainment of gravel from naturally sorted riverbed materialGeological Society of America Bulletin, 94
Zhenlin Li, P. Komar (1986)
Laboratory measurements of pivoting angles for applications to selective entrainment of gravel in a currentSedimentology, 33
P. Rechard, L. Larson (1971)
Snow Fence Shielding of Precipitation GagesJournal of Hydraulic Engineering, 97
T. Day (1980)
A Study of Initial Motion Characteristics of Particles in Graded Bed Materials
Transport rates of five sediments were measured in a laboratory flume. Three of these sediments had the same mean size, the same size distribution shape, and different values of grain size distribution standard deviation. The critical shear stress for incipient motion of the individual size fractions within these sediments was estimated as that shear stress that produced a small dimensionless transport rate. The sorting of the sediment mixture had little effect on the critical shear stress of individual fractions, once the median size (D50) of the mixture and a fraction's relative size (Di/D50) are accounted for. Our data, combined with previously published data, show a remarkably consistent relation between the critical shear stress of individual fractions and the fraction's relative grain size, despite a broad variation in the available data of mixture sorting, grain size distribution shape, mean grain size, and grain shape. All fractions in a size mixture begin moving at close to the same value of bed shear stress during steady state transport conditions. This result is apparently true for transport systems where the transport rates of individual fractions are determined solely by the flow and bed sediment (recirculating systems), as well as for systems where the fractional transport rates are imposed on the system (feed systems). This equivalence in initial‐motion results is important because natural transporting systems often show attributes of both types of behavior in an unknown combination.
Water Resources Research – Wiley
Published: Jul 1, 1988
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