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N. Schenck (1975)
Cocaine: its use and misuse in otolaryngology.Transactions. Section on Otolaryngology. American Academy of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology, 80 4 Pt 1
(1976)
Acute and ehronie toxieology of eoeaine abuse ; Current sociology , treatment , and rehabilitation
G. Corssen (1973)
Toxic effects of local anaesthetics on human respiratory epitheliumCanadian Anaesthetists’ Society Journal, 20
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The Great Boom (eh. 3) and The Effeets of Cocaine (ch. 8) In Cocaine: Its History, Uses and Effect.s
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The drug-using adolescent as a pediatric patient.The Journal of pediatrics, 77 2
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The clinical phartnacology
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Delayed leucocytic emigration after intra-dermal injections and thermal injury.The Journal of pathology and bacteriology, 82
Hubert Feehan, A. Mancusi-Ungaro (1976)
THE USE OF COCAINE AS A TOPICAL ANESTHETIC IN NASAL SURGERYPlastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 57
Feehan Feehan, Mancusi‐Ungaro Mancusi‐Ungaro (1976)
The use of cocaine as a topical anesthetic in nasal surgeryHast Reconstr Surg, 57
C. GUTIERREZ-NORIGA, V. HAGEN (1950)
The strange case of the coca leaf.The Scientific monthly, 70 2
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A. Astrom, N. Persson (1961)
The toxicity of some local anesthetics after application on different mucous membranes and its relation to anesthetic action on the nasal mucosa of the rabbit.The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, 132
F. Ludueña, J. Hoppe, F. Nachod, C. Martini, G. Silvern (1955)
The relationship between the irritancy and activity of local anesthetic agents and their effect on the surface tension of water.Archives internationales de pharmacodynamie et de therapie, 101 1
J. Dunne, W. Johnson (1972)
Necrotizing skin lesions in heroin addicts.Archives of dermatology, 105 4
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Historical aspeets of cocaine use and abuse
J. Dunne, W. Johnson (1972)
Necrotizing skin lesions in heroin addictsPlastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 50
Peter Benoit, W.Duane Belt (1972)
Some effects of local anesthetic agents on skeletal muscle.Experimental neurology, 34 2
J. Rein, B. Cosman (1971)
Bacteroides necrotizing fasciitis of the upper extremity. Case report.Plastic and reconstructive surgery, 48 6
J. Hamner, O. Villegas (1969)
The effect of coca leaf chewing on the buccal mucosa of Aymara and Quechua Indians in Bolivia.Oral surgery, oral medicine, and oral pathology, 28 2
W. Dietrich, R. Beutner (1946)
A SEARCH FOR THE LEAST IRRITANT TOPICAL ANESTHETICAnesthesiology, 7
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Needle tracks in narcotic addicts.New York state journal of medicine, 68 24
J. Skou (1954)
Local anesthetics. II. The toxic potencies of some local anesthetics and of butyl alcohol, determined on peripheral nerves.Acta pharmacologica et toxicologica, 10 3
Rein Rein, Cosman Cosman (1971)
Bacteroides necrotizing fasciitis of the upper extremityPlast Reconstr Surg, 48
Schenck Schenck (1975)
Cocaine: Its use and misuse in otolaryngologyTrans Am Acad Opthalmol Otolaryngol, 80
(1975)
Concerning nasal lesions among cocaine sniffers
R. Jong (1978)
Toxic effects of local anesthetics.JAMA, 239 12
Luduena Luduena, Hoppe Hoppe, Nachood Nachood, Martini Martini, Silvern Silvern (1955)
The relationship between the irritancy and activity of local anesthetic agents and their effect on the surface tension of waterArch Intl Pharmacodynam Ther, 101
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Adriani Adriani (1960)
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(1929)
Studies in the pharmaeology of loeal anestheties II . Irritation as produced by local anestheties on rabbit ' s cornea
A series of experiments was performed to characterize the nature of local tissue reactions to cocaine. The time‐course of tissue injury was assessed over a 21‐day period by gross and microscopic examination of the skin of rats administered 0.1–2.0% cocaine hydrochloride by i.e. or s.c. injection. Pronounced blanching, progressively severe hemorrhage, delayed extravasation of Evans blue dye, and eventual scar formation were seen grossly at injection sites. Marked engorgement of blood vessels, small hemorrhagic foci, and hyalinization of scattered muscle bundles of the pannieulus carnosus were apparent microscopically at 15 min post‐injection. Subsequent changes during (he next 3 h included progressively severe hemorrhage and loss of muscle bundles, degeneration of hair follicles and necrosis of the vascular endothelium and epidermis. Healing of cocaine‐induced lesions, as monitored for 21 days, was relatively rapid and complete. A hyperplastic epidermis covered formerly ulcerated areas by 6 days. Destroyed cellular structures in the derm is were replaced by collagen. Since cocaine's local tissue toxicity has been ascribed to vasoconstriction, the toxic potential of cocaine was contrasted with that of a potent vasoconstrictor, epinephrine (EPI). Although 0.1% EPI produced greater vasoconstriction than did cocaine, s.c. injection of EPI did not result in skin damage. The slight acidity of cocaine hydrochloride solutions appeared to be of little consequence, since s.c. injection of pH 5 and 6 saline had little effect on tissues. Our results suggest that cocaine is directly cytotoxic, though ischemia resulting from vascular injury and vasoconstriction may contribute to the local tissue injury caused by the drug.
Journal of Cutaneous Pathology – Wiley
Published: Apr 1, 1982
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