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Male moths generally find their mates by following the females' pheromone plume to its source. A formulated copy of this message is used to regulate mating of many important pests, including the pink bollworm (Pectinophora gossypiella), the oriental fruit moth (Grapholita molesta), and the tomato pinworm (Keiferia lycopersicella). How synthetic disruptant interrupts normal orientation is uncertain, but the most probable mechanisms invoke adaptation and habituation, competition between point sources of formulation and fe males, and a camouflage of a female's pheromone plume by the formulation. The efficacy of this technology is related principally to the motility of mated females into the area to be managed, the initial population levels of the pest,/ and the release characteristics of the formulation. In most cases, implemenfu. tion of this technology necessitates a sophisticated monitoring and mar;age / ment program. Area-wide management schemes are ideal vehicles for using disruptants. Future acceptance of this environmentally safe control method should increase, largely because of growing dissatisfaction with conventional pesticides. 0066-4170/95/010 1-0559$05.00 CARDE & MINKS INTRODUCTION Among the 120,000 or so known species of moths, the preponderant system for mate finding is upwind flight by the male toward an attractant pheromone released by the female.
Annual Review of Entomology – Annual Reviews
Published: Jan 1, 1995
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