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Cloned Glutamate Receptors

Cloned Glutamate Receptors The application of molecular cloning technology to the study of the glutamate receptor system has led to an explosion of knowledge about the structure, expression, and function of this most important fast excitatory transmitter system in the mammalian brain. The first functional ionotropic glutamate receptor was cloned in 1 989 (Hollmann et al 1 989) , and the results of this molecular-based approach over the past three years are the focus of this review. We discuss the implications of and the new questions raised by this work-which is probably only a glance at this fascinating and complex signaling system found in brains from the snails to man. Glutamate receptors are found throughout the mammalian brain, where they constitute the major excitatory transmitter system. The longest-known and best-studied glutamate receptors are ligand-gated ion channels, also called ionotropic glutamate receptors , which are permeable to cations. They have traditionally been classified into three broad subtypes based upon pharmaco­ logical and electrophysiological data: a-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4isoxazole propionate (AMPA) receptors, kainate (KA) receptors , and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. Recently, however, a family of G protein-coupled glutamate receptors , which are also called metabotropic glutamate or trans- l -aminocyclopentane- l ,3-dicarboxylate (tACPD) recep­ tors, was http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Annual Review of Neuroscience Annual Reviews

Cloned Glutamate Receptors

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References (127)

Publisher
Annual Reviews
Copyright
Copyright 1994 Annual Reviews. All rights reserved
Subject
Review Articles
ISSN
0147-006X
eISSN
1545-4126
DOI
10.1146/annurev.ne.17.030194.000335
pmid
8210177
Publisher site
See Article on Publisher Site

Abstract

The application of molecular cloning technology to the study of the glutamate receptor system has led to an explosion of knowledge about the structure, expression, and function of this most important fast excitatory transmitter system in the mammalian brain. The first functional ionotropic glutamate receptor was cloned in 1 989 (Hollmann et al 1 989) , and the results of this molecular-based approach over the past three years are the focus of this review. We discuss the implications of and the new questions raised by this work-which is probably only a glance at this fascinating and complex signaling system found in brains from the snails to man. Glutamate receptors are found throughout the mammalian brain, where they constitute the major excitatory transmitter system. The longest-known and best-studied glutamate receptors are ligand-gated ion channels, also called ionotropic glutamate receptors , which are permeable to cations. They have traditionally been classified into three broad subtypes based upon pharmaco­ logical and electrophysiological data: a-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4isoxazole propionate (AMPA) receptors, kainate (KA) receptors , and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. Recently, however, a family of G protein-coupled glutamate receptors , which are also called metabotropic glutamate or trans- l -aminocyclopentane- l ,3-dicarboxylate (tACPD) recep­ tors, was

Journal

Annual Review of Neuroscience – Annual Reviews

Published: Mar 1, 1994

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