Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
Liang Zhou, I. Ivanov, R. Spolski, Roy Min, K. Shenderov, Takeshi Egawa, D. Levy, W. Leonard, D. Littman (2007)
IL-6 programs TH-17 cell differentiation by promoting sequential engagement of the IL-21 and IL-23 pathwaysNature Immunology, 8
D. Janero, Charles Burghardt (1990)
Solid-phase extraction on silica cartridges as an aid to platelet-activating factor enrichment and analysis.Journal of chromatography, 526 1
R. Gorjão, M. Cury-Boaventura, T. Lima, R. Curi (2007)
Regulation of human lymphocyte proliferation by fatty acidsCell Biochemistry and Function, 25
L. Lynch, D. O'Shea, D. Winter, J. Geoghegan, D. Doherty, C. O’Farrelly (2009)
Invariant NKT cells and CD1d+ cells amass in human omentum and are depleted in patients with cancer and obesityEuropean Journal of Immunology, 39
Robert Zurier, R. Rossetti, C. Seiler, Michael Laposata (1999)
Human peripheral blood T lymphocyte proliferation after activation of the T cell receptor: effects of unsaturated fatty acids.Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and essential fatty acids, 60 5-6
M. Szamel, Barbara Rehermann, B. Krebs, R. Kurrle, Klaus Resch (1989)
Activation signals in human lymphocytes. Incorporation of polyunsaturated fatty acids into plasma membrane phospholipids regulates IL-2 synthesis via sustained activation of protein kinase C.Journal of immunology, 143 9
L. Opie, P. Walfish (1963)
Plasma free fatty acid concentrations in obesity.The New England journal of medicine, 268
Emily Anderson, Dario Gutierrez, A. Hasty (2010)
Adipose tissue recruitment of leukocytesCurrent Opinion in Lipidology, 21
Graham Lord, G. Matarese, J. Howard, S. Bloom, R. Lechler (2002)
Leptin inhibits the anti‐CD3‐driven proliferation of peripheral blood T cells but enhances the production of proinflammatory cytokinesJournal of Leukocyte Biology, 72
M. Zeyda, J. Huber, G. Prager, T. Stulnig (2011)
Inflammation Correlates With Markers of T‐Cell Subsets Including Regulatory T Cells in Adipose Tissue From Obese PatientsObesity, 19
Winer (2009)
Normalization of obesity-associated insulin resistance through immunotherapyNat. Med., 15
U. Kintscher, M. Hartge, K. Hess, A. Foryst-Ludwig, M. Clemenz, M. Wabitsch, P. Fischer-Posovszky, T. Barth, D. Dragun, T. Skurk, H. Hauner, M. Blüher, T. Unger, A. Wolf, U. Knippschild, V. Hombach, N. Marx (2008)
T-lymphocyte Infiltration in Visceral Adipose Tissue: A Primary Event in Adipose Tissue Inflammation and the Development of Obesity-Mediated Insulin ResistanceArteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology, 28
I. Klein-Wieringa, M. Kloppenburg, Y. Bastiaansen‐Jenniskens, E. Yusuf, J. Kwekkeboom, H. el-Bannoudi, R. Nelissen, A. Zuurmond, V. Stojanovic-Susulic, G. Osch, R. Toes, A. Ioan-Facsinay (2011)
The infrapatellar fat pad of patients with osteoarthritis has an inflammatory phenotypeAnnals of the Rheumatic Diseases, 70
Vanessa Harmelen, F. Lönnqvist, Anders Thörne, A. Wennlund, Valérie Large, S. Reynisdottir, Peter Arner (1997)
Noradrenaline-induced lipolysis in isolated mesenteric, omental and subcutaneous adipocytes from obese subjectsInternational Journal of Obesity, 21
S. Shaikh, C. Jolly, R. Chapkin (2012)
n-3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids exert immunomodulatory effects on lymphocytes by targeting plasma membrane molecular organization.Molecular aspects of medicine, 33 1
K. Strissel, Jason Defuria, M. Shaul, Grace Bennett, A. Greenberg, M. Obin (2010)
T‐Cell Recruitment and Th1 Polarization in Adipose Tissue During Diet‐Induced Obesity in C57BL/6 MiceObesity, 18
C. Duffaut, A. Zakaroff‐Girard, V. Bourlier, P. Decaunes, M. Maumus, P. Chiotasso, C. Sengenès, M. Lafontan, J. Galitzky, A. Bouloumié (2009)
Interplay Between Human Adipocytes and T Lymphocytes in Obesity: CCL20 as an Adipochemokine and T Lymphocytes as Lipogenic ModulatorsArteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology, 29
M. Feuerer, Laura Herrero, D. Cipolletta, A. Naaz, J. Wong, A. Nayer, Jongsoon Lee, A. Goldfine, C. Benoist, S. Shoelson, D. Mathis (2009)
Lean, but not obese, fat is enriched for a unique population of regulatory T cells that affect metabolic parametersNature Medicine, 15
Huaizhu Wu, S. Ghosh, X. Perrard, Lili Feng, G. Garcia, J. Perrard, J. Sweeney, Leif Peterson, L. Chan, C. Smith, C. Ballantyne (2007)
T-Cell Accumulation and Regulated on Activation, Normal T Cell Expressed and Secreted Upregulation in Adipose Tissue in ObesityCirculation, 115
Graham Lord, G. Matarese, J. Howard, R. Baker, S. Bloom, R. Lechler (1998)
Leptin modulates the T-cell immune response and reverses starvation-induced immunosuppressionNature, 394
R. Yog, R. Barhoumi, D. Mcmurray, R. Chapkin (2010)
n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Suppress Mitochondrial Translocation to the Immunologic Synapse and Modulate Calcium Signaling in T CellsThe Journal of Immunology, 184
J. Hamilton, K. Comai (1988)
Rapid separation of neutral lipids, free fatty acids and polar lipids using prepacked silica sep-Pak columnsLipids, 23
M. Ruth (2010)
Normalization of obesity-associated insulin resistance through immunotherapyYearbook of Endocrinology, 2010
O. Quehenberger, Aaron Armando, Alex Brown, S. Milne, D. Myers, A. Merrill, Sibali Bandyopadhyay, Kristin Jones, Samuel Kelly, Rebecca Shaner, Cameron Sullards, E. Wang, R. Murphy, R. Barkley, T. Leiker, C. Raetz, Z. Guan, Gregory Laird, David Six, D. Russell, J. McDonald, S. Subramaniam, E. Fahy, E. Dennis (2010)
Lipidomics reveals a remarkable diversity of lipids in human plasma1[S]Journal of Lipid Research, 51
Adipose tissue contains several immune cells whose number and phenotype vary depending on the adiposity. In the present study, we show that IFN‐γ+ CD4+ T cells are enriched in human adipose tissue compared with in blood. To gain insight into the underlying mechanisms, we investigated the possibility that human adipocytes modulate CD4+ T‐cell cytokine production and proliferation and show that CD4+ T cells produced increased levels of IFN‐γ when activated in the presence of adipocytes. This effect was mediated by soluble mediators, as shown in transwell and adipocyte‐conditioned medium (ACM) transfer experiments. Additionally, ACM induced increased proliferation of CD4+ T cells upon activation. Intriguingly, the proliferation‐enhancing effect resided mainly in the lipid fraction of ACM, as shown upon separation of the protein and lipid fraction. Further separation of these lipids based on polarity revealed that the modulatory effect is confined to fractions containing free fatty acids. All identified fatty acids were able to individually enhance T‐cell proliferation. These data indicate that adipocytes can modulate CD4+ T‐cell function through the release of lipids. Remarkably, free fatty acids were the most prominent modulators of T‐cell proliferation, possibly leading to an accumulation of these cells in adipose tissue.
European Journal of Immunology – Wiley
Published: Jun 1, 2013
Read and print from thousands of top scholarly journals.
Already have an account? Log in
Bookmark this article. You can see your Bookmarks on your DeepDyve Library.
To save an article, log in first, or sign up for a DeepDyve account if you don’t already have one.
Copy and paste the desired citation format or use the link below to download a file formatted for EndNote
Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
All DeepDyve websites use cookies to improve your online experience. They were placed on your computer when you launched this website. You can change your cookie settings through your browser.