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Adiponectin: action, regulation and association to insulin sensitivity

Adiponectin: action, regulation and association to insulin sensitivity Adiponectin is a novel adipocyte‐specific protein, which, it has been suggested, plays a role in the development of insulin resistance and atherosclerosis. Although it circulates in high concentrations, adiponectin levels are lower in obese subjects than in lean subjects. Apart from negative correlations with measures of adiposity, adiponectin levels are also reduced in association with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Visceral adiposity has been shown to be an independent negative predictor of adiponectin. Thus, most features of the metabolic syndrome's negative associations with adiponectin have been shown. Adiponectin levels seem to be reduced prior to the development of type 2 diabetes, and administration of adiponectin has been accompanied by lower plasma glucose levels as well as increased insulin sensitivity. Furthermore, reduced expression of adiponectin has been associated with some degree of insulin resistance in animal studies indicating a role for hypoadiponectinaemia in relation to insulin resistance. The primary mechanisms by which adiponectin enhance insulin sensitivity appears to be through increased fatty acid oxidation and inhibition of hepatic glucose production. Adiponectin levels are increased by thiazoledinedione treatment, and this effect might be important for the enhanced insulin sensitivity induced by thiazolidinediones. In contrast, adiponectin levels are reduced by pro‐inflammatory cytokines especially tumour necrosis factor‐α. In summary, adiponectin in addition to possible anti‐inflammatory and anti‐atherogenic effects appears to be an insulin enhancer, with potential as a new pharmacologic treatment modality of the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Obesity Reviews Wiley

Adiponectin: action, regulation and association to insulin sensitivity

Obesity Reviews , Volume 6 (1) – Feb 1, 2005

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References (89)

Publisher
Wiley
Copyright
"Copyright © 2005 Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company"
ISSN
1467-7881
eISSN
1467-789X
DOI
10.1111/j.1467-789X.2005.00159.x
pmid
15655035
Publisher site
See Article on Publisher Site

Abstract

Adiponectin is a novel adipocyte‐specific protein, which, it has been suggested, plays a role in the development of insulin resistance and atherosclerosis. Although it circulates in high concentrations, adiponectin levels are lower in obese subjects than in lean subjects. Apart from negative correlations with measures of adiposity, adiponectin levels are also reduced in association with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Visceral adiposity has been shown to be an independent negative predictor of adiponectin. Thus, most features of the metabolic syndrome's negative associations with adiponectin have been shown. Adiponectin levels seem to be reduced prior to the development of type 2 diabetes, and administration of adiponectin has been accompanied by lower plasma glucose levels as well as increased insulin sensitivity. Furthermore, reduced expression of adiponectin has been associated with some degree of insulin resistance in animal studies indicating a role for hypoadiponectinaemia in relation to insulin resistance. The primary mechanisms by which adiponectin enhance insulin sensitivity appears to be through increased fatty acid oxidation and inhibition of hepatic glucose production. Adiponectin levels are increased by thiazoledinedione treatment, and this effect might be important for the enhanced insulin sensitivity induced by thiazolidinediones. In contrast, adiponectin levels are reduced by pro‐inflammatory cytokines especially tumour necrosis factor‐α. In summary, adiponectin in addition to possible anti‐inflammatory and anti‐atherogenic effects appears to be an insulin enhancer, with potential as a new pharmacologic treatment modality of the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes.

Journal

Obesity ReviewsWiley

Published: Feb 1, 2005

Keywords: ; ;

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