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Flavivirus Genome Organization, Expression, and Replication

Flavivirus Genome Organization, Expression, and Replication TO FLAVIVIRUS BIOLOGY Classification and Life Cycle in Nature The Flaviviridae (from the Latin flavus. or "yellow ," referring to the pro­ totype virus, yellow fever virus) was recently established as a separate family (178), distinct from the Togaviridae, and currently includes 68 members (12). The majority are arthropod-borne, transmitted to vertebrates by chronically infected mosquito or tick vectors . However, isolates from bats and rodents without known insect vectors have also been identified. The life cycle of the arthropod-borne flaviviruses involves complex relationships among insect vectors, vertebrate reservoirs, humans , and the environment (reviewed in 19). Flaviviruses demonstrate antigenic cross-reactivity that is strongest in the hemagglutination inhibition assay (HI); the highest specificity is shown in neutralization (NT) assays ( 1 28). Cross-neutralization using polyclonal anti­ sera is the basis for the separation of flaviviruses into eight antigenic com­ plexes; members of any serocomplex commonly share a range of biological properties ( 1 2) (Figure 1). The four mosquito-borne complexes include the Japanese encephalitis (JE; for flavivirus abbreviations see Figure 1) group, Ntaya, Uganda S, and the DEN groups. The tick-borne complexes include the TBE and the Tyuleniy groups. Complexes without identified arthropod vec- FLAVIVIRUS GENOME STRUCTURE & http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Annual Review of Microbiology Annual Reviews

Flavivirus Genome Organization, Expression, and Replication

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Publisher
Annual Reviews
Copyright
Copyright 1990 Annual Reviews. All rights reserved
Subject
Review Articles
ISSN
0066-4227
eISSN
1545-3251
DOI
10.1146/annurev.mi.44.100190.003245
pmid
2174669
Publisher site
See Article on Publisher Site

Abstract

TO FLAVIVIRUS BIOLOGY Classification and Life Cycle in Nature The Flaviviridae (from the Latin flavus. or "yellow ," referring to the pro­ totype virus, yellow fever virus) was recently established as a separate family (178), distinct from the Togaviridae, and currently includes 68 members (12). The majority are arthropod-borne, transmitted to vertebrates by chronically infected mosquito or tick vectors . However, isolates from bats and rodents without known insect vectors have also been identified. The life cycle of the arthropod-borne flaviviruses involves complex relationships among insect vectors, vertebrate reservoirs, humans , and the environment (reviewed in 19). Flaviviruses demonstrate antigenic cross-reactivity that is strongest in the hemagglutination inhibition assay (HI); the highest specificity is shown in neutralization (NT) assays ( 1 28). Cross-neutralization using polyclonal anti­ sera is the basis for the separation of flaviviruses into eight antigenic com­ plexes; members of any serocomplex commonly share a range of biological properties ( 1 2) (Figure 1). The four mosquito-borne complexes include the Japanese encephalitis (JE; for flavivirus abbreviations see Figure 1) group, Ntaya, Uganda S, and the DEN groups. The tick-borne complexes include the TBE and the Tyuleniy groups. Complexes without identified arthropod vec- FLAVIVIRUS GENOME STRUCTURE &

Journal

Annual Review of Microbiology – Annual Reviews

Published: Oct 1, 1990

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